不同施肥处理对盆栽辣椒土壤酶活性及土壤微生物含量的影响

【目的】 研究氨基酸液体有机肥替代部分化肥施用后土酶活性、微生物含量的变化。【方法】 采用盆栽试验，选择2个不同品种的辣椒各设置6组处理，分别为处理CK（不施用氨基酸液体有机肥，化肥100%），T₁（氮肥减量30%+氨基酸液体有机肥）、T₂（氮肥减量35%+氨基酸液体有机肥）、T₃（氮肥减量40%+氨基酸液体有机肥）、T₄（氮肥减量45%+氨基酸液体有机肥）和T₅（氮肥减量50%+氨基酸液体有机肥），研究不同梯度的氮肥减施并配施氨基酸液体有机肥后对土壤生物学性状及养分含量的影响，分析其相关性。【结果】 氨基酸液体有机肥替代不同比例的化肥后，2个品种的辣椒均显示土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脱氢酶活性增强，酶活性显示出先升高后变平缓或减低的趋势，酶活性会随着有机肥替代量不是成正比的关系；提高土壤细菌、放线菌的含量，抑制真菌含量；氨基酸液体有机肥替代的处理较CK对于土壤pH这项指标均表现出增高，但增高不显著。【结论】 氮肥减施并配施氨基酸液体有机化可以为有机肥缓解土壤酸化、降低EC值，T₄的替代量为最佳替代量。

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Enzyme Activity and Soil Microbial Content of Potted Pepper

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of soil enzyme activity and microbial content after liquid amino acid organic fertilizer was substituted for partial chemical fertilizer. Six treatments of CK （no liquid organic fertilizer， 100% chemical fertilizer） were applied to two different varieties of hot pepper， T₁ （30% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， T₂ （35% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， T₃ （40% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， T₄ （45% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer） and T₅ （50% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， the effects of nitrogen fertilizer with different gradient and amino acid liquid organic fertilizer on soil biological characteristics and nutrient content were studied， and the correlation was analyzed. After Amino acid liquid organic fertilizer replaced different proportion of chemical fertilizer， the urease activity， the Catalase activity and the dehydrogenase activity of both varieties of hot pepper increased， and the enzyme activity showed the trend of first increasing， then becoming flat or decreasing， the results showed that the enzyme activity was not proportional to the amount of organic manure， but increased the content of bacteria and actinomycetes and inhibited the content of fungi compared with CK， the value of soil pH increased in the treatment of amino acid liquid organic fertilizer， but the increase was not significant. It can provide theoretical support for organic manure to alleviate soil acidification， reduce EC value and further improve soil quality. It is considered that the substitution quantity of T₄ is the best.