秦岭生物多样性优先区植物保护重要区识别与空缺分析

植物保护重要区识别和空缺分析是制定和实施生物多样性保护计划的重要内容。以秦岭生物多样性优先区为研究对象，选取71种珍稀濒危植物作为目标保护物种，基于文献资料和数字植物标本信息，建立重要植物生境数据库。利用物种生境适宜性评估方法识别植物保护重要区和空缺区。结果表明:1）秦岭优先区植物保护极重要区和重要区主要分布于西秦岭的中高山区，总体呈中西部连片集中、东部零散分布的特点。2）786.01 km²的植物保护极重要区处于自然保护区的管控范围，仍有4 869.79 km²的极重要区尚未得到自然保护区覆盖，保护空缺较大。3）2000-2015年，秦岭优先区林地面积增加、耕地和草地面积减小，一般重要区、重要区和极重要区的人类活动强度依次降低。研究结果可为秦岭生物多样性保护和自然保护地规划建设提供科学依据。

Identification of Prime Plants and Conservation Gap in Priority Protection Areas of Biodiversity in Qinling Mountains

The protection of rare and endangered plants is an important part in the formulation and implementation of the protection scheme.The priority areas of biodiversity (PAB) in Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi Province,were taken as the research object of this study.71 rare and endangered plants occurring in the PAB were selected by searching the Wild Plant Index and the digital information of preserved plant specimens.Then,a database of factors influencing the habitats of species was established through checking historical data and specimen database in the Qinling Mountains.The suitability model of habitat was also used to evaluate the importance of plant conservation and identify conservation gap.The results were as follows:1) the most important and important levels of PAB were mainly distributed in the high mountains in the western Qinling with the characteristics of concentrated distribution in central and western Qinling and scattered distribution in eastern Qinling.2) Only 786.01 km² of the most important areas was part of the nature reserve while the other 4 869.79 km² areas were not included,which indicates a huge gap.3) From 2000 to 2015,the PAB underwent significant changes in land use.The area of woodland increased,whereas that of cultivated land and grassland decreased.Besides,the degree of human disturbance in PAB decreased as the important level increased.The results can provide references for decision-making on land planning of PAB in the Qinling Mountains and the construction of nature reserve system.