藜麦种质资源对霜霉病的抗性鉴定与评价

为探究藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa)种质资源在本土环境条件下对霜霉病的抗性，采用田间自然感病和室内离体叶片接菌鉴定方法对50份国内外藜麦种质资源进行了霜霉病抗性鉴定和评价。结果表明：霜霉菌Preonos variabilis对藜麦的侵染程度存在较大变异(发病率变化13.30%～100.00%；病情指数1.00～100.00)，藜麦种质对霜霉病的抗性存在明显差异；筛选到1份高抗材料'台湾红藜’，占参试材料的2.00% 1份抗病材料'QA064’，占比2.00%，2份中抗材料'陇藜2号’和'HL-Q5’，占比4.00%，3份感病材料'QA045’'QA050-2’和'青海-02’，占比6.00%；其余43份材料均表现高感，占比86.00%。本研究首次发现'台湾红藜’能够被P. variabilis侵染，表现为高抗，还进一步证实田间藜麦霜霉病抗性鉴定采用“三叶法”在藜麦盛花期进行效果较好，相比而言，室内离体叶片接菌鉴定技术更具优势，应作为抗性鉴定的首选。

Identification and Evaluation of Downy Mildew (Peronospora variabilis) Resistance in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Germplasm Resources

In order to explore the resistance level of downy mildew of quinoa germplasm resources under local environmental conditions,the downy mildew resistance of 50 quinoa germplasm resources was identified and evaluated,by adopted natural infection and indoor inoculation of the detached leaves. The results showed that there existed great variations in the infection degree of P. variabilis (Disease incidence 13.30%~100.00%;Disease index 1.00~100.00) and significant differences in the resistance degree of downy mildew among quinoa germplasms. We respectively screened one highly resistant material 'Taiwan red quinoa',which accounted for 2.00% of the tested materials;One resistant material 'QA064',accounted for 2.00%;Two moderately resistant materials 'Long li No.2' and 'HL-Q5',accounted for 4.00%;Three susceptible materials 'QA045','QA050-2' and 'Qinghai-02',accounted for 6.00%;The remaining 43 materials showed highly susceptible,accounted for 86.00%. It was first discovered that 'Taiwan red quinoa' could be infected by quinoa downy mildew and showed high resistance. It was further confirmed that the resistance identifications of quinoa downy mildew in the field were better to adopt "Three-leaf method" in the full flowering stage of quinoa. In comparison,indoor identification technology of the detached leaves has more advantages for researchers to study quinoa downy mildew and characterize germplasm for resistance,which should be the first choice in resistance identification.