广东种植不同小麦的全株产量、营养成分、青贮发酵品质及其相关性

全株小麦（Triticum aestivum）具有较高的饲用价值，已经成为一些国家或地区重要的粗饲料资源。为筛选出适宜广东冬闲田种植的高产优质小麦品种，选取24个小麦品种种植到华南地区的冬闲田，研究其全株产量、营养成分、青贮品质以及青贮品质与营养成分间的相关性。参试的24个小麦品种干物质产量在5.20~9.81 t·hm^-2之间，粗蛋白产量在0.40~0.85 t·hm^-2之间，其中‘石麦1号’、‘川麦61’和‘衡观35号’的干物质产量高于其他品种，‘石麦1号’的相对饲用价值最高，‘川麦61’和‘衡观35号’的相对饲用价值显著低于‘石麦1号’。干物质产量与种子千粒重呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；粗蛋白和丁酸含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；有效分蘖数与株高呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）；干物质含量与粗蛋白、粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、乳酸和丁酸含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；NDF和丁酸含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。基于对24个小麦品种产量和营养的评价，‘石麦1号’和‘衡观35号’适合广东冬闲田种植。

Yield,Nutritional Composition,Silage Fermentation Quality of Whole-plant and Their Correlation of Different Wheat Varieties Planted in Guangdong Province

Whole-plant wheat (Triticum aestivum) has high feeding value,and it has become one of the main sources of roughage for ruminants in some countries or regions. The purpose of this study was to screen high-yield and high-quality wheat varieties,and to determine the differences in yield,nutrition and silage fermentation quality among varieties and correlation between measured characteristics. For 24 wheat varieties tested,their dry matter (DM) yield ranged from 5.20 to 9.81 t·hm^-2,and the crude protein (CP) ranged from 0.40 to 0.85 t·hm^-2. Among them,‘SM1’ and ‘CM61’ had high DM and CP,and ‘SM1’ and ‘HG35’ had high relative feed value. The relative feed value of ‘CM61’ and ‘HG35’ was significantly lower than ‘SM1’ (P<0.05). The thousand-seed weight of wheat had positive effect on the DM yield of whole-plant (P<0.05). The DM yield of whole-plant wheat had negative effects on lactic acid and butyric acid contents of silage (P<0.01). The CP content of whole-plant wheat had positive effect on butyric acid content of silage,but neutral detergent fiber had negative effect on butyric acid content (P<0.05). The result showed that ‘SM1’ and ‘HG35’ were more suitable for planting in winter fallow fields in Guangdong Province.