降解地膜对河西干旱区土壤水热及制种玉米产量的影响

以制种玉米为供试材料,研究了诱导期分别为2,3,4个月的白色(WD1,WD2,WD3)和黑色(BD1,BD2,BD3)降解膜以及普通白膜覆盖(CK)对制种玉米土壤水热及产量的影响.结果表明:相同诱导期下,黑色降解膜的降解等级高于白色降解膜;土壤贮水量在灌浆期和成熟期,降解膜覆盖处理比CK低2.2%~7.5%和2.3%~7.0%,吐丝期BD2的土壤贮水量比CK高8.0%;可降解地膜覆盖在拔节期、吐丝期、灌浆期和成熟期,土壤日最高温度比CK低0.1~1.5,0~1.2,0.1~1.3和0.9~1.9 ℃,并且降解地膜诱导期越早,对地温影响越大;BD3成熟期的冠部湿基含水率比CK高3.2%;不同降解膜覆盖作物的产量和水分利用效率与CK相比较,BD3具有增产效应,产量和水分利用效率分别比CK高6.8%和4.7%.

Effect of degradable plastic film on soil hydrothermal characteristics and yield of seed maize in Hexi arid area

Based on the seeded maize as the test material, the effects of the induction period of 2, 3 and 4 months white(WD1, WD2, WD3)and black(BD1, BD2, BD3)degradation film and ordinary white film cover on the soil moisture and yield of the seeded maize were studied. The results showed that the degradation grade of black degradation film was higher than that of white degradation film during the same induction period. The soil water storage was 2.2% to 7.5% and 2.3% to 7.0% lower than that of CK during grout and maturity, and the water storage level of BD2 soil during the spinning period was 8.0% higher than CK. The maximum daily soil temperature covered during extraction, spinning, grouting and maturation is 0.1 to 1.5, 0 to 1.2, 0.1 to 1.3 and 0.9 to 1.9 degrees Cel-sius lower than CK, the earlier the degradation diaphragm induction period. The greater the effect on ground temperature, the 3.2% higher the wet water content of the crown wet base during BD3 maturation than CK, and the yield and water utilization efficiency of different degradation film-covering crops compared with CK, BD3 had an increase in yield effect, yield and water utilization efficiency were 6.8% and 4.7% higher than CK, respectively. The results of the study are aimed at providing a theore-tical reference for the coverage of the ecological film of maize cultivated in Hexi area.