小型电动履带式黑塌菜收获机设计

为提高黑塌菜的收获效率，减少人工劳动时间并降低劳动强度，设计一款小型电动履带式黑塌菜收获机。通过查阅蔬菜类收获机相关文献，结合实地调研、理论计算与计算机辅助技术等方法，根据黑塌菜生长特点和收获要求确定黑塌菜收获机整体结构设计方案，包括切割装置、输送装置、割茬高度调节装置、行走装置与收集装置。对关键部件进行理论计算，确定切割、输送、割茬高度调节等装置的关键参数。对整机机架结构进行线性静力学仿真分析，结果表明：在工作过程中，机架最大变形量为0.929 mm,最大等效应力为117.8 MPa,满足结构设计和材料强度要求。以江苏省如皋市黑塌菜种植基地的黑塌菜作为试验对象，展开黑塌菜收获机收获试验。试验结果表明，黑塌菜收获机进行土下切割作业时，平均割茬高度为10.5 mm,收获效率为0.09 hm²/h,漏割率小于5%,耗电量约为28.77(kW·h)/hm²,电量均价按0.51元/(kW·h)计算可得成本为14.67元/hm²,试验结果满足黑塌菜收获要求。

Design of small electric caterpillar type Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis harvester

In order to improve the harvesting efficiency of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis as well as reduce labor time and labor intensity, a small electric caterpillar type Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis harvester was designed. Based on literature, field investigation, theoretical calculation and computer aided technology, and according to the growth characteristics and harvest requirements of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis, the overall structural design scheme of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis harvester was determined. The main design contents included cutting device, conveying device, stubble height adjustment device, walking device, and collection device. Using theoretical calculation of key components, the parameters of key devices such as cutting, conveying and stubble height adjustment were determined. The structural linear static simulation analysis of the whole frame was carried out. The simulation results showed that the maximum deformation of the whole frame was 0.929 mm and the maximum equivalent stress was 117.8 MPa, which met the requirements of structural design and material strength. When verifying the performance of the harvester, the prototype of the harvester was tested by taking the Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis in Rugao Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis planting base in Jiangsu Province as the test object. The test results showed that when the Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis harvester was cutting under the soil, the average height of the stubble was about 10.5 mm, the harvest efficiency was not less than 0.09 hm2/h, and the missing cutting rate was less than 5%. Additionally, the power consumption was about 28.77 (kW·h)/hm2, the average price of electricity was 0.51 yuan/(kW·h), and the cost per hectare was 14.67 yuan. In this regard, the test index met the harvest requirements of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. rosularis.