生物炭和灌水量对土壤保水性及温室番茄生理特性的影响

为了探究生物炭用量和灌水量对土壤物理性质及作物生长生理特性的影响,采用田间对比试验,以温室番茄为试验对象,设置了3个生物炭施用量处理B0,B1,B2(施用量分别为0,2.5,5.0 kg/m²);在每个生物炭处理下设置3个不同灌水量水平T1,T2,T3(分别为1.4Ep,1.2Ep,1.0Ep;Ep为累计水面蒸发量);观测并分析土壤物理性质、番茄生长及光合作用对生物炭施用量和灌水量的响应关系.结果表明,土壤中适当添加生物炭可以有效地增加土壤的保水性,处理B1和B2相对B0增大土壤最大体积含水率为21.9%和32.1%,处理B1有益于土壤的长期持水能力;降低了土壤容重2.5%~16.6%,增加了土壤孔隙度1.9%~10.5%.生物炭施用量在充分灌溉和中度亏缺的处理下均可以有效提高番茄的气孔导度和光合速率,处理B1和B2分别提高番茄叶片的光合速率为11.4%和54.8%;而在重度亏缺的条件下,处理B1和B2抑制了番茄叶片的光合速率16.7%和50.6%.

Effects of biochar and irrigation on soil water retention and physiological characteristics of tomato in greenhouse condition

In order to investigate the effects of biochar application and irrigation on soil physical properties and crop growth physiological characteristics, a field comparative experiment was carried out. Taking greenhouse tomato as the experimental object, three biochar application treatments: B0(0 kg/m²), B1(2.5 kg/m²), B2(5.0 kg/m²)at three irrigation water level: T1(1.4Ep), T2(1.2Ep), T3(1.0Ep)were set. Under each biochar treatment, three different irrigation levels T1, T2 and T3(1.4Ep, 1.2Ep, 1.0Ep, respectively; Ep is the cumulative water surface evaporation). The response of soil physical properties, tomato growth, photosynthesis and other physiological indicators to the application of biochar with different irrigation amount was observed and analyzed. The results showed that the proper addition of biochar could effectively increase the soil. The maximum volume moisture content of soil water retention was 21.9% and 32.1% compared with B0. Treatment B1 was beneficial to the long-term water holding capacity of soil. The soil bulk density was reduced by 2.5%-16.6%, and the soil porosity was increased by 1.9%-10.5%. The application of biochar application(B1)could effectively improve the stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate of tomato under full irrigation and mo-derate deficit treatment. Treatment B1 and B2 increased the photosynthetic rate at T3 under B1 and B2 is by 11.4% and 54.8%, respectively. It is observed that at T3 condition, the photosynthetic rate under B1 and B2 showed less than the photosynthetic rate under B0 by 16.7% and 50.6% respectively.