混合青贮微生物多样性研究进展

青贮微生物的种类和数量在整个青贮饲料发酵中具有重要作用，发掘和利用青贮有益微生物已成为提升发酵品质的一个重要研究方向。不同类型的混合青贮饲料中微生物种类差异较大，从而使发酵特性多样化。发酵微生物的演替过程及其群落结构往往决定了发酵品质，通过监测微生物菌群组成的动态变化，可以为调控青贮饲料的发酵提供理论依据。本研究对青贮微生物群落演替过程，不同混合青贮类型微生物多样性以及影响混合青贮微生物多样性的原因进行了总结，同时指出了乳酸菌抗菌性、混合青贮推广和混合青贮对动物生产性能等方面研究存在的问题并提出了展望，为青贮微生物的实际应用提供参考和新思路。

Research Progress on Microbial Diversity of Mixed Silage

The type and quantity of silage microbes play an important role in the whole fermentation of silage. Exploring and utilizing of silage beneficial microbes has become an important research direction to improve the fermentation quality. The microbial species in the different types of mixed silage are quite different,which makes the fermentation characteristics diverse. The succession process and community structure of fermenting microbes often determine the fermentation quality. Monitoring the dynamic changes of the composition of microbial flora can provide a theoretical basis for regulating the fermentation of silage. In this paper,the succession process of silage microbial community,the microbial diversity of different mixed silage types,and the factors affecting microbial diversity of mixed silage were reviewed. At the same time,the problems of antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria,the promotion of mixed silage and the performance of mixed silage on animal production are pointed out and the prospects were put forward,which could provide reference and new ideas for the practical application of silage microbes.