多旋翼无人机辅助籼粳杂交稻制种授粉研究

水稻是浙江省最主要的粮食作物，而籼粳杂交稻品种已成为浙江省的主要水稻种植品种类型。但籼粳杂交稻制种是一种劳力密集型技术，其中水稻授粉阶段主要依靠人工采用绳索、竹竿或木杆振动父本和自然风力辅助授粉。随着近年来中国农用无人机的发展与研究，为杂交水稻制种辅助授粉机械化提供了可能。以四旋翼无人机为例，通过田间授粉试验、花粉密度观测、结实率测算，考察农用无人机和人工拉绳的授粉效果。结果显示，无人机辅助授粉与人工拉绳相比效果相当，即花粉统计为95个/视野左右，平均结实率为27%左右。但无人机辅助授粉效率是人工的10倍以上，节约50%的人力成本，同时克服种植地形环境等困难，有助于机械化水平的提升。

Study on seed production and pollination of Indica japonica hybrid rice assisted by multi rotor UAV

Rice is the most important grain crop in Zhejiang province, and Indica japonica hybrid rice has become the main rice variety type in Zhejiang Province. However, seed production of Indica japonica hybrid rice is a labor intensive technology, in which the pollination stage of rice mainly relies on the artificial use of rope, bamboo or wooden poles to vibrate the male parent and natural wind assisted pollination. With the development and research of agricultural UAV in China in recent years, it is possible for the mechanization of auxiliary pollination for hybrid rice seed production. Taking the quadrotor UAV as an example, this paper investigated the pollination effect of the agricultural UAV and the artificial rope through the field pollination experiment, the observation of pollen density and the calculation of seed setting rate. The results showed that the effect of drone assisted pollination was comparable to that of artificial pull rope, i.e., the pollen count was about 95 IOD and the average seed setting rate was about 27%. However, the efficiency of UAV assisted pollination is more than 10 times that of manual pollination, saving 50% of labor cost, and overcoming difficulties such as planting terrain and environment, which contributes to the improvement of mechanization level.