我国籽实和饲草谷子土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量

为了给我国谷子测土施氮提供科学依据，本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”，开展了我国谷子土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量研究。结果表明，我国谷子土壤碱解氮第1~6级丰缺指标依次为≥247,128~247，66~128，34~66，18~34和＜18 mg·kg^-1；土壤全氮第1~7级丰缺指标依次为≥3.3,1.7~3.3，0.9~1.7，0.5~0.9，0.3~0.5，0.2~0.3和＜0.2 g·kg^-1；土壤有机质第1~9级丰缺指标依次为≥81.4，33.7~81.4，14.0~33.7，5.8~14.0，2.4~5.8，1.0~2.4，0.5~1.0，0.2~0.5和＜0.2 g·kg^-1。当氮肥利用率40%时，目标产量3~7.5 t·hm^-2籽实谷子第1~9级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0，30~75，60~150，90~225，120~300，150~375，180~450，210~525和240~600 kg·hm^-2；目标产量6~15 t·hm^-2干草谷子第1~9级土壤推荐施氮量依次为0，30~75，60~150，90~225，120~300，150~375，180~450，210~525和240~600 kg·hm^-2；目标产量15~45 t·hm^-2青贮谷子第1~9级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0，26~79，53~158，79~236，105~315，131~394，158~473，184~551和210~630 kg·hm^-2。本研究初步建立了我国籽实和饲草谷子土壤氮素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统，为我国谷子测土施氮奠定了科学基础。

The Abundance-deficiency Index of Soil N and Recommended Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates for Grain and Forage Millets in China

To provide scientific basis for soil testing and N fertilizer recommendation of millets,an algorithm for scattered experimental data integration and the new applied formula based on "the methods of nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield" were employed to study the abundance-deficiency index (ADI) of soil N and the recommended nitrogen fertilizer application rate (RNFAR) for millets in China. The results showed that the ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen for millet in China from the first to the sixth level are ≥ 247,128~247,66~128,34~66,18~34 and < 18 mg·kg^-1,respectively. The ADI of soil total nitrogen from the first to the seventh level are ≥ 3.3,1.7~3.3,0.9~1.7,0.5~0.9,0.3~0.5,0.2~0.3 and < 0.2 g·kg^-1,respectively. The ADI of soil organic matter from the first to ninth level of millet are ≥ 81.4,33.7~81.4,14.0~33.7,5.8~14.0,2.4~5.8,1.0~2.4,0.5~1.0,0.2~0.5 and < 0.2 g·kg^-1,respectively. When the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in current season (NFUEICS) was 40% and the target yield of grain millet was 3~7.5 t·hm^-2,the ranges of the RNFAR for the abundance-deficiency level 1~9 from high to low were 0,30~75,60~150,90~225,120~300,150~375,180~450,210~525 and 240~600 kg·hm^-2,respectively. When the NFUEICS was 40% and the target yield of millet hay was 6~15 t·hm^-2,the ranges of the RNFAR for the abundance-deficiency level 1~9 from high to low were 0,30~75,60~150,90~225,120~300,150~375,180~450,210~525 and 240~600 kg·hm^-2,respectively. When the NFUEICS was 40% and the target yield of millet silage was 15~45 t·hm^-2,the ranges of the RNFAR for the abundance-deficiency level 1~9 from high to low were 0,26~79,53~158,79~236,105~315,131~394,158~473,184~551 and 210~630 kg·hm^-2,respectively. In this study,the recommended fertilization system of soil N for grain and forage millets in China is initially established,and it lays a scientific foundation for soil testing and nitrogen fertilization of millets in China.