中国观赏芍药表型多样性解析与资源评价

【目的】明确中国观赏芍药品种资源多样性水平，并从切花品种农艺性状角度分析资源特点，为种质收集、利用与创新提供理论依据。【方法】采集来自4个主要栽培地的346个中国观赏芍药品种，从品种资源整体和不同栽培地品种两个方面对采集的表型性状进行频率分布统计、变异系数计算和多样性指数计算，并进行聚类分析。【结果】我国观赏芍药品种多个性状多样性丰富，二元性状、有序多态性状和无序多态性状的多样性指数为0.29—1.90，数值性状的多样性指数为1.90—2.08。二元性状、有序多态性状和无序多态性中，花色和花型多样性指数最高，分别为1.90和1.88，其次是花蕾颜色（1.46）和雄蕊瓣化程度（1.42）。数值性状中，株高和茎长多样性指数最高，分别为2.08和2.07，其次是蕾径（2.04）、花径（2.04）和花高（2.01），仅茎粗（1.99）和花梗长（1.90）多样性指数小于2。株高和茎长呈正态分布，株高介于38.50—100.50 cm，茎长介于43.19—120.00 cm；蕾径、花径、花高、茎粗和花梗长等5个指标呈非正态分布，蕾径偏大，分布介于1.22—3.99cm；花径变异系数最小，为15.6...

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Chinese Ornamental Herbaceous Peonies and Its Germplasm Resource Evaluation

【Objective】The objective of this study was to estimate the resource diversity of Chinese ornamental herbaceous peonies and to analyze the characteristics of being cut peonies, so as to provide a theoretical basis for germplasm utilization and innovation.【Method】Phenotypic characteristics data of 346 herbaceous peonies from four cultivation areas were collected. Then, according to the whole sample and the samples from different cultivation areas, the frequency distribution, coefficient of variation and diversity index were calculated. Additionally, the varieties were analyzed by clustering.【Result】The cultivars of Chinese ornamental herbaceous peonies were rich in the diversity of many characteristics, with diversity indices of binary, ordered and disordered multistate characteristics of 0.29-1.90 as well as numerical characteristics of 1.90-2.08. In binary, ordered and disordered multistate characteristics, flower color and flower type showed the highest diversity index, i.e., 1.90 and 1.88, respectively, followed by flower bud color (1.46) and degree of stamen petalization (1.42). In numerical characteristics, plant height and stem length had the highest diversity index, i.e., 2.08 and 2.07, respectively, followed by bud diameter (2.04), flower diameter (2.04) and flower height (2.01), and only the diversity indices of stem diameter (1.99) and pedicel length (1.90) were less than 2. Furthermore, the plant height was distributed in the range of 38.50-100.50 cm, stem length was 43.19-120.00 cm, and both were normally distributed. However, bud diameter, flower height, flower diameter, stem diameter and pedicel length showed skewed distributions. Among them, the bud diameter was 1.22-3.99 cm, showing a negatively skewed distribution. The flower diameter was distributed in the range of 3.11-19.50 cm, and the variation coefficient was only 15.65%, ranking it last among the numerical characteristics. The flower height (1.73-14.30 cm) was negatively distributed, with a variation coefficient of 32.55%, ranking it first among the numerical characteristics. Stem diameter (0.18-0.59 cm) and pedicel length (5.57-40.00 cm) were positively skewed. The nine groups were divided by clustering, and the most of the clustering groups included varieties from two to four cultivation areas. Moreover, there were no significant differences in bud diameter, flower diameter, stem diameter or pedicel length among the clustering groups. The plant height, stem length, flower height and degree of stamen petalization were different. Among the samples, 71.39% of the varieties had round flower buds and were nonchapped, which were presently popular in the Chinese market. Many varieties were the double flower type, but the hydrangea type preferred by the market accounted for only 4.9%. Meanwhile, 79.8% of the varieties had no obvious flower fragrance, 71.7% of the varieties had side buds, and 62.7% of the varieties bloomed during the middle flowering period, lacking early- or late-flowering varieties. There were no significant differences in plant height or stem length among the various cultivation areas, while the stem diameters of cultivars from Lintao and Heze were significantly larger than those from Yangzhou and Luoyang. The bud diameter and flower diameter of cultivars from Heze were also significantly larger.【Conclusion】A relatively high diversity of Chinese cultivated ornamental herbaceous peonies was observed, and as a kind of multifunctional plant, the diversity was worth preserving. However, the cultivars were insufficient as cut peonies, lacking cultivars with straight stems, fragrance, single buds and diverse flowering periods. The varieties from Lintao and Heze had some advantages in stem, bud and flower diameters for cut flowers. Cut peony selection and breeding in China was inadequate. Innovative germplasms need to be developed. It is urgent to introduce germplasms with the characteristics of long stems, single flower on one stem, fragrant flowers and late flowering periods for breeding.