10种月见草属植物染色体核型分析

采用常规压片法,对10种月见草属植物进行核型分析。结果表明,10种月见草的染色体基数均为x=7,美丽月见草为四倍体,2n=28,其余皆为二倍体,2n=14。仅发现m和sm 2种类型染色体;除夜来香外,其余9种月见草均包含1~3条随体;在美丽月见草中发现了1条B染色体;核型类型上,夜来香和无茎月见草为1A型,待霄草‘柠檬日落’为3A型,其余均为2A型;核型不对称系数介于56.79%~65.43%,整体较为对称,无茎月见草和夜来香的进化程度较低,待霄草‘柠檬日落’最为进化,长果月见草和密苏里月见草的亲缘关系最为紧密,10种月见草中有9种的核型为首次报道。

Karyotype Analysis of Ten Oenothera Species

The karyotypes of ten Oenothera species were studied by conventional slice-pressing method.The results showed that the basic chromosome number of ten Oenothera species were confirmed to be x=7.O.speciosa was tetraploid,its chromosome numbers were 2n=28,and the others were diploid,their chromosome numbers were 2n=14.The chromosome type only included m,sm types.Except for O.biennis,other nine Oenothera species had one to three satelites.We found one B chromosome in O.speciosa.In chromosome type,O. ’Lemon Sunset’ was 3A type,O.biennis and O.acaulis were 1A type,and the rests were all 2A type.The karyotype asymmetry coefficients of all tested material ranged from 56.79% to 65.43%,which was a more symmetrical type on the whole.Among all the tested Oenothera species,O.biennis and O.acaulis had the lowest evolutionary degree,while O.odorata ’Lemon Sunset’ had the highest one.O.marcrocarpa and O.missurensis had closest phylogenetic relationship.The karyotypes of nine Oenothera species are reported for the first time.