原油和燃油对南海重要海水增养殖生物的急性毒性试验

测定了南海原油、０号柴油和２０号柴油对３种仔虾、种仔鱼和４种贝类的急性毒性。油类对仔鱼和仔虾的毒性大小顺序为：０号柴油〉２０号柴油〉南海原油；对３种贝类（文蛤除外）的毒性大小顺序为０号柴油〉南海原油。油类分散液的毒性大于其水溶性组分。在曝油的３种仔虾中，刀额新对虾对０号柴油和２０号柴油的耐受力最弱，而日本对虾对南海原油最为敏感。曝油仔鱼对３种湍类的耐受力顺序为：黄鳍鲷〉前鳞鲻〉黑鲷，而七星鲈对０号

Toxicity of crude oil and fuel oils to important mariculture and multiplication organisms of South China Sea

Lethal toxicity of Nanhai crude oil, No. 0 fuel oil and No.20 fuel oil to 3 species of larval shrimps, 4 species of larval fishes and 4 species of shellfishes was measured by controlled oil exposure experiments. The results show that the toxicity of the oils is in the order of No.0 fuel oil > No.20 fuel oil > Nanhai crude oil for both larval fishes and larval shrimps, while toxicity order for the 3 species of shellfishes except Meretrix meretrix is No.0 fuel oil > Nanhai crude oil. The dispersed Nanhai crude oil and No.0 fuel oil are more toxic than their water soluble fractions. Among the 3 species of larval shrimps, Metapenaeus ensis is the most sensitive species to both No.0 fuel oil and No.20 fuel oil, while Penaeus japonicus is the most sensitive species to Nanhai crude oil. Tolerance order of the larval fishes to the 3 kinds of oils is Sparus latus > Mugil ophuyseni > Sparus macrocephalus, while the most sensitive species to No.0 fuel oil is Lateolabrax japonicus. Tolerance order of the shellfishes to No.0 fuel oil and Nanhai crude oil is Meretrix meretrix > Paphia undulata > Scapharca subcrenata > Mytilus smaragdimus. In general, tolerance order of the exposured organisms to the oils is shellfishes > fishes > shrimps.