放牧与刈割对山地高草草甸植被演替的影响

山地高草草甸草地是新疆天然草地的精华,在生产中主要作为天然打草场利用,在新疆传统的季节畜牧业中占有非常重要的地位.然而,长期以来,人们忽视了对山地高草草甸草地的合理利用,经营粗放,没有充分发挥其生产潜力.针对目前新疆山地高草草甸草地利用中存在的问题,以乌鲁木齐市南山菊花台一带的山地高草草甸草地为对象,研究割草与放牧两种利用方式对高草草甸植被演替的影响,为选择合理的山地高草草甸草地利用方式、防止草地退化及退化草地的恢复提供科学依据.结果表明:割草地优势度最大的5个种为草原糙苏(11.87)、草原老鹳草(10.94)、黄花苜蓿(8.72)、无芒雀麦(8.44)、披碱草(6.87);放牧地优势度最大的5个种为新疆党参(14.80)、草原老鹳草(12.46)、草原糙苏(12.24)、白三叶(6.73)、高山唐松草(6.04).割草地禾草的高度是放牧地的10倍,杂类草的高度是禾草高度近3倍.割草地与放牧地杂类草和禾草的盖度、频度接近,相差不显著.

Effects of Grazing and Mowing on Vegetation Successionin of Mountain Tall Grass Meadow

The mountain tall grass meadow is the cream of Xinjiang natural grassland which is used mostly for mowing in production.It occupied very important position in traditional seasonal livestock husbandry of Xinjiang.However,people ignored reasonable utilization of mountain tall grass meadow in past;and lacked scientific management for mountain meadow.It did not fully exert its production potential.So,based on the existing problems in mountain tall grass meadow utilization in Xinjiang,the 2 different utilization ways(mowing and grazing)of mountain tall grass meadow in Juhuatai,Urumqi City have been researched.It can provide scientific basis for reasonable utilization,prevention and restoration mountain tall grass meadow.The results were as follows: Five dominant species are Phlomis pratensis(11.87),Geranium pratense(10.94),Medicago falcata(8.72),Bromus inermis(8.44),Elymus dahuricus(6.87)under mowing.Five dominant species are:Codonopsis clematidea(14.80),Geranium pratense(12.46),Phlomis pratensis(12.24),Trifolium repenes(6.73),Thalictrum alpinum(6.04) under that of free grazing.Grass height in mowing is ten times than that of free grazing,herb height is nearly three times than that of grass.There is no significant difference between coverage and frequency of herb and grass of mowing and free grazing.