灌水量及灌水频率对玉米生长和水分利用的影响

利用遮雨棚蒸渗桶栽试验,研究灌水量和灌水频率对夏玉米生长、产量和水分利用的影响.试验以“郑单958”为研究材料,设置3个灌水量水平W1(120%ETc),W2(100%ETc)和W3(80%ETc)和3个灌水频率D1(3 d),D2(6 d)和D3(9 d)共9个处理,在生育期内对桶栽玉米的各项生长指标进行观测,分析不同处理对玉米的影响.结果表明:玉米的株高、叶面积、干物质量和产量随着灌水量的增大,均呈现出增加趋势;随着灌水频率的增大,均呈现出下降趋势.显著性分析表明,灌水量对夏玉米生长特性和产量的影响程度大于灌水频率.单株玉米产量在W₁D3处理下达到最大值,在W₃D1处理下玉米产量最小,差异具有统计学意义.水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率则随灌水量的增大呈现先增大后减小趋势,且随灌水频率的增加逐渐降低.W₂D3处理的水分利用效率和灌溉水利用率最高,分别为1.83和1.61 kg/m3.基于各处理水分利用效率和产量变化,W₁D3(120%ETc,9 d)可作为基于试验条件下较适宜的灌水技术.

Effects of irrigation level and frequency on growth and water use efficiency of maize

In order to explore effects of irrigation level and frequency on growth, yields and water use efficiency of maize(Zhengdan-958), pot cultivating experiments are conducted in a rain shelter by using nine cases which include three irrigation levels(W₁, W₂, and W₃ for 120%, 100%, and 80% ET_c)and three frequencies(D₁, D₂, and D₃ for 3 d, 6 d and 9 d intervals). Various growth indices of maize plants are observed and analyzed during their growth periods in the experiments. The results show that the plant height, leaf area, dry weight and yield rise with increasing irrigation level, but decrease with increasing irrigation frequency. Significance analysis indicates that irrigation level affects plant growth and yield more substantially than irrigation frequency does. The maximum maize yield per plant is achieved in case W₁D₃, while the minimum yield is obtained in case W₃D₁, showing a significant difference. Furthermore, both water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency increase initially and then decrease with increasing irrigation level, but they decrease steadily with increasing irrigation frequency. The water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency are the best in case W₂D₃, reaching 1.83 kg/m³ and 1.61 kg/m³, respectively. Overall, case W₁D₃(120%ET_c, 9 d intervals)can be a more feasible irrigation proposal under the present experimental conditions. 