Within-tree variations in the surface free energy of wood assessed by contact angle analysis |
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Authors: | Davide Rossi Sergio Rossi Hubert Morin Antonio Bettero |
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Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy 2. Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l’Université, G7H2B1, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
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Abstract: | Although the heterogeneity of wood could preclude assessment of the performances of adhesion, the within-tree variations in its thermodynamic properties still remain unexplored. This study analyzed the surface free energy of wood (γ W ) calculated by the geometric mean approach along the radius and at different sampling heights in black spruce and balsam fir with a statistical model, employing apparent contact angles of three testing liquids. Sampling height and species affected the apparent contact angles, and consequently the polar ( $ \gamma_{W}^{P} $ ) and dispersed ( $ \gamma_{W}^{D} $ ) components of γ W , but no significant difference was observed along the radius. On average, γ W was 43.77?mJ?m?2 at the stem base and gradually decreased, attaining 27.19?mJ?m?2 at 14?m of height. $ \gamma_{W}^{P} $ was markedly higher than $ \gamma_{W}^{D} $ with an opposite pattern along the tree height. These findings demonstrated the huge variability in γ W along the stem, which could be related to the structural or chemical features of wood. |
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