不同施肥模式下保护性耕作春玉米产量及经济效益

保护性耕作采用少、免耕技术,地表有覆盖物,肥料一般不能通过翻耕、旋耕等方式与土壤混合,传统施肥模式不适用于保护性耕作。为解决保护性耕作推广过程中存在的施肥量不足、施肥模式单一、秸秆覆盖量少等问题,利用平衡施肥技术确定施肥量,采用裂区试验设计,主处理为耕作方式,包括翻耕、留茬免耕、整秆覆盖免耕,副处理为施肥模式,P、K肥随播种一次完成,尿素追施,一次追施、二次追施为副处理,进行保护性耕作不同施肥模式下春玉米产量与经济效益分析。结果表明,在施肥量一定的情况下,目标产量实现与耕作覆盖方式、施肥模式有密切关系。耕作方式与施肥方法最优组合为—A3B2(整秆覆盖免耕2次追肥),经济效益最高,对春玉米保护性耕作施肥管理要点进行了总结。

Researches on Yields and Economic Benefit of Spring Maize underDifferent Fertilization Mode of Conservation Tillage

The conventional fertilization mode is not fit for conservation tillage, Conservation tillage mostly consists of no tillage or minimum tillage and the straw or stubble is often on the surface of the land, which results that fertilizer can not be mixed equably into the soil. In order to resolve the problem of insufficient amounts of fertilizer, simplex fertilization mode and lacking mulch on the soil surface, utilize the balanced fertilization methods to determine the amounts of fertilizer, design the experiment in blocks split. The main treatments include conventional tillage(A1), no tillage with stubbles mulch(A2), no tillage with whole stalks mulch(A3). The secondary treatments include once topdressing Urea(B1) and twice topdressing Urea(B2) under P and K applied with sowing. Analyzed the yields and economic benefit under different fertilization mode of conservation tillage. The results of the experiments showed as follows: There was a close correlation between the achievement of target yield and fertilization mode in the case of fixed amounts of fertilizer , concluded that no tillage with whole stalks mulch mode and twice topdressing urea mode (A3B2) was the optimum combination, and also with highest economic benefit. According to two years experiments, summarized the main points of fertilization management of spring maize under conservation tillage.