水稻稻秆潜蝇种群发生动态与持续控制技术研究

稻秆潜蝇为中国南方山区和半山区水稻的主要害虫。通过2000—2005年的调查试验研究,初步探明水稻稻秆潜蝇种群发生规律、影响因子与为害损失,研究提出了以成虫盛发至卵孵盛期为防治适期,秧田平均每百株有卵10粒,株危害率1%以上,大田平均每丛水稻有卵1粒,株危害率3%～5%的防治指标;明确稻秆潜蝇卵为均匀分布,幼虫为聚集型分布,建立了序贯抽样、简易“查定”和GIS监测预警技术,组建了包括数据库管理、逐步回归预测、种群动态模拟的计算机系统;改进稻秆潜蝇测报办法,提出“狠治一代压基数,巧治二代保丰收”的防治新策略及其适用的农业、物理、化学防治技术,初步形成适于中国南方特点的水稻稻秆潜蝇综合防治与可持续控制技术体系,生产应用取得显著的经济社会和生态效益。

Population dynamics and sustainable managing techniques of rice stem maggot

Rice stem maggot, Chlorops oryzae Matsumura, is one of the key insect pests of rice in mountain and semi-mountain area in southern China. Based on the studies and investigation in paddy fields from 2000 to 2005, the pattern of occurrence, key factors affected its population dynamics and rice yield losses were preliminarily proved, and its control threshold was recommended at peaks of adults occurred and eggs hatched, when 10 eggs were found in 100 seedlings or more than 1% plants were damaged at seedling stages and average 1 egg laid in one hill or 3%~5% plants were infested. Field investigation on distribution pattern of rice stem maggot showed that the eggs distributed evenly and the larva aggregated, and then the sequential sampling and simplified field investigation techniques, and population monitoring and forecasting methodologies GIS-based were proposed and the systems of data pool management, population stepwise regression, and the simulating model of population dynamics were constructed. By improving the population monitoring and forecasting methodologies, the modified systematical management strategies, focused on the first generation to suppress the population number of second generation, integrated with agricultural, physical and chemical managements, had played significant role in decreasing the population density of rice stem maggot and increasing the economic, social and ecological profits in southern China.