农业活动对景观格局的影响

景观格局是自然和人类共同作用的结果,并随着经济发展和人口增长,农业活动在景观格局中起着愈来愈大的作用。放牧过程导致土壤退化和生物群落的不稳定,间歇式放牧会提高物种丰富度,促进生态系统的进化;植树造林不但有利于生态恢复和重建,而且对经济建设有巨大作用,更是保护生物多样性的手段;农作物种植包括物理干扰和化学干扰过程,改变了微生物的活性,同时对土壤性质产生影响;土地整理是人为的、强制性、时效性强的一种干扰,能在短期内对生态系统及景观格局产生剧烈影响,通过调整景观结构、改善景观破碎化,改变农业土地利用结构,使得社会效益、生态效益和环境效益均有所增加。

Effect of Agriculture Practice on Landscape Pattern

Landscape pattern is acted on natural and human disturbance. With economic development and increasing population, agriculture practice have played a very important role in society. Grazing results in soil degradation and instability of biology community. The rotation grazing enhances the species abundance and advance ecosystem evolvement. Afforesting is propitious to ecological environment renew and reconstruction, favor in economy, and even to be a method of protecting ecological diversity. The disturbances of cropping are divided into physical and chemical perturbation processing, which accelerate microbial character, and influence the soil properties. Land consolidation and rehabilitation is the strongest perturbation in all kinds of human disturbances, and make the benefit of social, ecological and environmental incremental by adjusting landscape structure, meliorating fragmentation of landscape, increasing the area of the farmland, and changing the structure of agricultural land-use.