湖北省两系杂交稻制种的安全期分析

选取湖北省公安县、石首市和黄陂区3个主要制种基地为研究对象,利用1960-2015年逐日气温、降水气象资料,计算在不同临界温度指标下育性转换安全期保证率,确定保证率最高的育性转换时期;通过计算水稻扬花授粉期易遭受的高温热害、低温冷害和连阴雨灾害的综合危害指数确定水稻综合危害指数最低的扬花授粉期;综合考虑两个关键时期的安全时段确定水稻制种最佳育性转换安全期和扬花授粉安全期。结果表明,公安县临界温度为23.0、23.5和24.0℃的育性转换安全期最佳时段均在7月24至8月12日;石首市临界温度为23.0℃时,7月25日是杂交稻进入育性转换期最佳时间,临界温度为23.5℃和24.0℃时的杂交稻最佳育性转换期应安排在7月24日至8月12日期间;黄陂区临界温度为23.0℃时,7月25日或27日进入育性转换期均可,临界温度为23.5℃和24.0℃时,杂交稻最佳育性转换期为7月27日至8月15日。

Analysis on the Safe Period of Seed Production of Two-line Hybrid Rice

This paper selected three major seed production base in Hubei, including Gongan county, Shishou city and Huangpi district for the study. The safety period of fertility conversion in different critical temperature indicators was calculat-ed and the highest reliability of fertility conversion period was determined based on daily air temperature and precipitation weather data from 1960 to 2015. The pollination period with the lowest comprehensive hazard index was determined by calcu-lating comprehensive hazard index of those rice pollination period are vulnerable to the heat damage, low temperature disaster and continuous raining disaster. Considering two key periods of safety period of time, the rice seed fertility conversion safety period and the best pollination safety period were determined. The results showed that the best fertility conversion safety peri-od was all from July 24th to August 12th in Gongan at the critical temperature of 23.0℃, 23.5℃ and 24.0℃. In Shishou, the best time for hybrid rice into the fertility transition was on July 25th at the critical temperature of 23.0℃, and should be arranged from July 24th to August 12 when the critical temperature was 23.5℃ and 24.0℃. In Huangpi district, the best time for hybrid rice into fertility transition was on July 25 or 27 at critical temperature of 23.0℃, and was from July 27 to August 15 at the critical temperature of 23.5℃ and 24.0℃.