湖北省不同耕地类型小麦施肥效应研究初报

通过2011~2014年在湖北省进行的55组小麦作物"3414"肥效试验,对比分析了水田及旱地两类耕地土壤养分分布规律及氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)肥料的增产效应。结果表明,湖北省小麦主产区农田土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别为54.8~188.0、3.2~24.6、70.5~164.0 mg/kg,其中碱解氮平均值表现为水田旱地,有效磷、速效钾则表现为旱地水田;小麦作物增产必须依赖于氮、磷、钾肥料的合理施用,忽略湖北省各小麦主产区在作物栽培品种、土壤障碍因子及肥料施用方式等方面的差异,当水田、旱地土壤总养分(N+P_2O_5+K_2O)施用量分别为304.5、279.0 kg/hm~2,养分配比分别为1∶0.40∶0.41、1∶0.39∶0.39时,可促进作物增产分别达118.06%、71.63%。

Preliminary Study on Effects of Fertilization on Wheat in Different Types of Cultivated Land of Hubei Province

Soil nutrients distribution characteristics and yield-increasing effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on wheat were comparatively analyzed based on the 55 "3414" experiments in the paddy field and dry land of Hubei province. The results showed that the content ranges of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphate and rapidly avail-able potassium in the both types of cultivated land were 54.8~188.0,3.2~24.6,70.5~164.0 mg∕kg respectively, the whole rules of which were that the average content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of the paddy land was higher than the dry while the available phosphate and rapidly available potassium were the opposite. If ignoring the differences among the main cultivat-ed varieties,barrier factors of soils,fertilization methods and other factors influencing the results in the main wheat producing areas of Hubei,the yield could be significantly promoted by applying the fertilizers appropriately,whose increasing rates were 118.06﹪ and 71.63﹪ separately when the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied were 304.5、279.0 kg∕hm2 while the ratio of which were 1:0.40:0.41 and 1:0.39:0.39, respectively.