转Bar基因小麦及其杂交后代旗叶光合特性的研究

Nong4是Bar基因插入在受体小麦D染色体组上的转Bar基因小麦,由于其具有抗除草剂功能,转Bar基因小麦将成为选育高产优质抗除草剂小麦品种的重要材料。笔者以转Bar基因小麦及其与当地常规品种皖麦48的杂交F1代为材料,结合光合和叶绿素荧光参数等指标,系统地研究了转Bar基因小麦及其F1代的产量性状、旗叶的光合特性,探讨了转Bar基因小麦及其F1代产量性状产生的影响,并从光合特性的角度揭示其原因所在,为转Bar基因小麦的高光效杂交后代的选育提供了科学依据。研究结果表明在农艺性状、光合特性的表现上,以Nong4为亲本的正交F1Nong4×Wanmai48比反交F1Wanmai48×Nong4有更好的优势表现,呈较强的中亲优势或一定的超亲优势,如其穗长、千粒重超亲优势率分别达到5.17%和4.41%。笔者研究分析Nong4及其正交F1Nong4×Wanmai48产量优势产生的原因可能是其光能转化效率高、电子传递能力强、光合产物积累多等的综合表现。所以,在选育抗除草剂小麦杂交后代时,可以以Bar基因插入在D染色体组上的Nong4为父本,以当地优质高产品种为母本,从而获得高光效的杂交后代。

Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics in Flag Leaf of Bar-transgenic Wheat and Their Hybrids

Bar-transgenic wheat, Nong4- Bar gene transferred into D genome with the herbicide-resistant function, can be chosen as the parents to breed the varieties which can resist herbicide by the traditional way. In the process to insert Bar Gene, the effects on physiological and biochemical characteristics occurred because of the location of Bar Gene, which was studied at present time. But the effects on photosynthetic characteristics and yield trends are still under research. In this paper, different effects on trends of yield were found at first. And the photosynthetic characteristics were determined accordingly, which on the other hand showed the different effects on the photosynthetic characteristics of Bar-transgenic wheat and their hybrids. The results were as follows: Between Bar-transgenic wheat Nong4 and its hybrids, F1Nong4×Wanmai48 had the better photosynthetic characteristics and trends of yield than that of F1Wanmai48×Nong4. And mid-parent heterosis rate of F1Nong4×Wanmai48 was higher than that of F1Wanmai48×Nong4. For example ears of wheat, kenel weight super close advantage rate attain 5.17% and 4.41% respectively. So, according to the revelation, when the anti-herbicide hybrids were bred, Nong4-Bar gene into D genome was a better choice as father plant and high yield wheat was chosen as mother.