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Meta-analysis of Brucella seroprevalence in dairy cattle of Ethiopia
Authors:Kassahun Asmare  Randi I Krontveit  Gelagay Ayelet  Berhanu Sibhat  Jacques Godfroid  Eystein Skjerve
Institution:1. School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
2. Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 dep., N-0033, Oslo, Norway
3. National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
4. College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P.O.Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
5. Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Troms?-the Arctic University of Norway, Stakkeviollveien 23, P.O. Box 6050 Langnes, N-9037, Troms?, Norway
Abstract:This meta-analysis estimates a single-group summary (effect size) for seroprevalence of Brucella spp. exposure in dairy cattle of Ethiopia. It also attempts to identify study-level variables that could explain the variation in apparent seroprevalence. The literature search was restricted to studies published in English language from January 2000 to December 2013. A template was designed to retrieve the most biologically plausible and consistent variables from the articles. A total of 29 published papers containing 40 animal-level studies were used in the analyses. The single-group summary of Brucella seroprevalence in cattle was estimated to reach 3.3 % with 95 % confidence interval (CI) (2.6–4.2 %). Of all the variables considered, region was the only specific factor identified to explain about 20 % of between-study variation. Accordingly, the region-based meta-analysis forest plot revealed the highest prevalence in central Ethiopia followed by southern part. The lowest prevalence estimate was observed in the western part of the country. The visual inspection of the funnel plot demonstrated the presence of possible publication bias which might dictate shortage of studies with higher prevalences or variance inflation due to infectiousness of Brucella. In conclusion, the quantitative review showed the seroprevalence to be low but widely distributed. More importantly, the review underscores the need for isolation and characterization of the circulating Brucella spp. to capture the type of Brucella spp. involved and its distribution in cattle in Ethiopia.
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