温汤浸种技术在中国推广和改进的历史分析

温汤浸种作为一项简便、实用的种子处理技术,可以有效防治多种种传病害,曾在欧、美多国广泛推广。20世纪初此项技术被引入中国,并不断改进、优化,使之更适合我国国情,对防治种传病害发挥了重要作用。其中朱凤美等学者为温汤浸种技术的推广和改进做出突出贡献,而"三开一凉"法成功地用于棉籽防病、催芽处理则是温汤浸种技术推广和改进成熟的标志,是新中国农业技术推广体系中理论联系实际,走群众路线的成功典范。

Historical Research on the Spread and Modification of Hot Water Treatment for Seeds in Modern China

As a simple, convenient and efficient technique to prevent seedling diseases, hot water treatment for seeds was invented and widely spread in Europe and America since the end of the 19^th century, and was introduced into China at the beginning of the 20^th centu ry. Through the persistently modification and optimization, the technique became more and more adapted to Chinese national conditions; hence it had played a vital role in preventing and controlling seedling diseases of crop in the period of the Republic of China and the early establishment of the New China. A lot of Chinese early plant pathologists, such as Zhu Fengmei, made great contribution to the spread and modification of the technique. A pracd cal method of the technique, adding 3 pieces of boiling water （100℃） to 1 piece of cold wa- ter （ 12℃--18℃ ）, successfully promoted to treat cotton seeds, was a sign of maturity in the spread for the technique, also a successful model of agricultural technology extension in the New China.