激光平地乳芽直播节水效果的研究

我国水资源严重短缺，农业生态环境急剧恶化。农业是我国的用水大户，约占全国总用水量的72％；水稻生产又是农业生产中的用水大户，在东北地区平均每公顷用水7 500～9 000 m³。故此，研究水稻生产中的节约用水，保护生态环境和节本增效等问题，具有重要的经济和社会效益。该文利用自动控制理论，研究了激光平地机组的结构和工作原理；通过在辽阳市太子河区景尔屯村进行的20 hm²激光平地乳芽直播田间试验，对激光平地的作业效果和泡田过程中的节水、节地效果进行了试验研究，在测试泡田用水量的过程中，利用秒表、乒乓球等设备实时地测试了田块的进水口流量，实践证明此方法成本低，操作简单，测试结果准确可靠。结果表明，激光平地可节约泡田用水21.578％ ，节约土地 0.92％；乳芽直播可节约泡田用水25.888%。

Effect of laser-controlled land leveling and baby rice seedling direct planting on saving water

In China, the water resource is seriously inadequate, and the ecological environment becomes worse and worse. Agricultural product export is difficult because of poor quality and agricultural chemical residue. Agriculture consumes the largest part of water resources that was about 72 percent of all over the country. In one growing period, rice needs about 7 500 m³/hm² to 9 000 m³/hm² of water more than other crops. It is one of the main factors that causes environmental pollution and ecological deterioration. So, it has the important significance for economy and society to study saving water, protecting environment and raising benefit in rice production. Through testing in the field of 20 hm² at village of Liaoyang City, the effects of the technology of laser-controlled land leveling on saving water and land in the process of paddy field irrigation were studied by using automatic control theory. The results showed that by using the technology 47.46% water and 0.92% land were saved. To test the runoff of the infall, when the field was irrigated, the stopwatch and table tennis ball were used to measure the rate of water flow. It is proved that this method has the advantage of low experimental expenses, simple operation, precision and credible results.