三倍体无核葡萄育种研究进展

综合有关文献综述了三倍体无核葡萄育种研究的最新进展。探讨了三倍体葡萄育种的主要途径如利用二倍体和四倍体杂交、胚乳培养、利用2n配子和芽变选择等。概述了三倍体葡萄的无核机理、三倍体鉴定方法、胚挽救技术应用。简要介绍了国内外育成的7个三倍体无核葡萄新品种尾玲、戴拉王、蜜无核、美嶺、夏黑、无核早红和马格拉契的特征特性,并讨论了三倍体无核葡萄育种存在问题和未来的研究重点如杂交亲本的选择、三倍体杂合胚的发育特点和无核性状的遗传规律等。

Advances in Research of Breeding Seedless Triploid Grapes

This article reviews the latest progress in triploid seedless grape breeding. The main breeding methods of triploid grape such as crossing between diploid and tetraploid cultivars, endosperm culture, using 2n gametes and bud mutation etc. are presented. The mechanism of triploid seedlessness, evaluation approaches of triploid grapes and embryo rescue technique are also discussed. Seven newly bred triploid seedless cultivars in the world are briefly described such as Yileyi, King Dela, Honey Seedless, Kai Mirei, Summer Black, Earlyred Seedless and Polivitis Magaracha. The current problems and future research aspects of triploid grape breeding such as choice of parents, development of triploid embryo and inheritance of seedless characteristics are also discussed.