玉米秸秆覆盖下宽幅精播冬小麦产量损失补偿效应及水分利用效率

为了探索不同种植模式对秸秆覆盖的麦田产量及水分利用效率的影响,设置宽幅精播和常规种植2种种植模式,每种种植模式设0和0.6 kg/m² 2种秸秆覆盖方式,以研究种植模式和玉米秸秆覆盖对冬小麦群体动态变化、阶段耗水量、产量以及水分利用效率等的影响.结果表明,玉米秸秆覆盖虽然显著减少了冬小麦耗水量,但是也显著降低了冬小麦穗数和千粒质量,从而显著降低了冬小麦产量.玉米秸秆覆盖条件下,宽幅精播种植模式通过显著增加穗数而对产量损失起补偿作用,且宽幅精播种植模式的耗水量显著低于常规种植模式,故其水分利用效率显著高于常规种植模式.在山东地区,为了提高冬小麦的水分利用效率,宽幅精播种植与玉米秸秆覆盖相结合是一种值得推广的节水种植模式.

Yield loss compensation effect and water use efficiency of widely and precisely sowed winter wheat covered under corn stalks

To develop water-saving agriculture in Shandong province, North China, a series of field experiments are conducted with two sowing patterns(wide and precise sowing pattern and conventional-cultivation pattern)and two corn stalks mulching modes(0 and 0.6 kg/m2)to study dynamic change in wheat plants, water consumption and water use efficiency(WUE)in various growth stages as well as grain yield. The results show that corn mulch can significantly reduce water consumption but both number of spikes and 1000-grain mass decrease significantly, causing a substantially reduced wheat yield. Under corn stalks mulch conditions, the wide and precise sowing pattern not only can compensate the grain yield loss by increasing number of spikes significantly, but also can lower the water consumption greatly compared with the conventional-cultivation pattern. Therefore, WUE is much higher in wide and precise sowing pattern than in conventional-cultivation pattern. The study indicates that the wide and precise sowing pattern combined with corn stalks mulch is a sound measure to improve WUE of winter wheat in Shandong province, North China.