调亏灌溉对大棚滴灌甜瓜生长发育的影响

在大棚滴灌条件下对厚皮甜瓜伊丽莎白不同生育期进行不同程度的亏缺灌溉,研究调亏灌溉对其植株生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响.以土壤相对含水量为标准,在营养生长期和生殖生长期分别设置不同的土壤水分灌溉下限处理,分别是T1(75%~75%),T2(75%~55%),T3(65%~65%),T4(55%~75%),T5(55%~55%)5个试验处理.结果表明:在营养生长期,随着水分亏缺程度的加大,株高、茎粗、叶面积均呈减小趋势.在果实发育阶段,营养生长期及生殖生长期的水分亏缺对果实的生长、产量都有影响,均随亏缺程度的加大而降低,产量以处理T1和T2的最高,T5的最低,T3的大于T4的,各处理间差异具有统计学意义.水分利用效率为处理T2的最高,T1和T4的较低,T2与T4相比,在灌水基本相同的条件下,产量增加了26.2%,水分利用效率提高了27.7%.品质方面,水分亏缺提高了TSS含量;在营养生长期充分灌溉、生殖生长期亏水灌溉可以提高可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、维生素C的含量;而营养生长期亏水灌溉、生殖生长期充分灌溉有利于可滴定酸的合成.经综合分析,认为处理T2的灌溉下限设置可以作为武汉地区大棚滴灌条件下的甜瓜灌溉制度.

Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on growth of drip-irrigated muskmelon in greenhouse

In greenhouse and under drip irrigation condition, the effects of regulated deficit irrigation on growth, yield, quality and water use efficiency of muskmelon(Yilishabai variety)are investigated. Five treatments: T1(75%-75%), T2(75%-55%), T3(65%-65%), T4(55%-75%)and T5(55%-55%)are conducted according to relative soil moisture of two different growth periods such as vegetative and reproductive growth stages. It is showed that the plant height, stem diameter and leaf area are diminished with the increasing water deficit in vegetative growth stage. During fruit development stage, the fruit size and yield depend on water deficit in both vegetative and reproductive growth stages, i.e. the more the deficit, the lower the fruit and yield. The yield of T1 and T2 is the highest, and T5 is the lowest, but T3>T4, and the differences between treatments are significant. The water use efficiency of T2 is the highest, the efficiency of T1 and T4 is lower. Compared with T4, the irrigation amount of T2 is basically the same. However, the yield and water use efficiency are increased by 26.2% and 27.7%, respectively. In quality, the content of TSS is increased as the water deficit is more severe. The contents of soluble protein, free amino acids and vitamin C are increased under full irrigation in vegetative growth stage and under deficit irrigation in reproductive growth stage. However, the deficit irrigation in vegetative growth stage and copious irrigation in reproductive growth stage are conducive to synthetize titrateble acid. Taking all things into consideration, the irrigation condition of T2(75%-55%)may be the most appropriate irrigation schedule with drip irrigation in greenhouse in Wuhan area.