东方白鹳的繁殖生态与幼雏的饲养

东方白鹳(Ciconia ciconia boycina)于每年三月中、下旬迁来黑龙江省兴凯湖自然保护区繁殖。巢筑在沼泽地的柳树上部,用于柳枝搭成,巢径210厘米,巢体高63厘米,距地面高3—4米。4月1日前后交配产卵,隔日产卵1枚,每年产卵4—5枚。孵化期为32天,每天雌雄交替孵化4次。育雏期每3小时左右采食一次。据1987、1988年人工饲养的幼雏各2只观察,幼雏生长发育迅速,日采食量350克(6日令)—2000克(50日令)。3日令可击喙发声,6日令长出飞羽芽,17日令长出正羽,50日令能站立,60日令自由活动,65日令试飞,70日令自由飞翔。跗跖长、体长、翼长分别于50、60、70日令前增长显著,之后便停止增长。体重增倍的间隔日期依次是2.5、3、4、6、20天,60日令后增长缓慢以致停止增加。喙长则持续而缓慢地增长。

REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF. ORINTAL STORK AND FEEDING OF YOUNG BIRDS

The orintal stork (Ciconia ciconia boycina) migrate and breed in Heilongjiang Xingkai lake nature protection area in mid and late march every year.The nest made up of willow branches was built on willow 3to 4m above the ground of marsh land with.210cm in diameter and 63cm height. The bird mates and lays eggs around April 1st every other day and 4-5 eggs a year. The incubation period is 32 days, male and female brood in turns about 4 times per day and collect food about every three hours in brooding period. In the observations of two birds brooded artificially in 1987 and 1988 each, the young birds grew rapidly and daily feed intakes were 350g to 2 000g(60 to 50 days).The young birds began to make sound by pecking at 3 days of age, the feather sprouts appeared at 6 days and plume appeared at 17 days. The birds could stand up at 50 days and move freely at 60 days,and tried to fly at 65 days, and flew freely at 70 days. The lengths of tarsometatarsus, body, and wing increased remarkably before 50, 60 and 70 days, and stopped growth later. The dates that the body weight were doubled were2.5, 3, 4, 6 and 20 days and the birds grew slowly after 60 days or stopped growth. The bill continued to grow-slowly.