东北三省大豆品种（系）对大豆根腐镰孢菌的抗性分析

用茄镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)和尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)强毒力菌株对408份大豆品种（系）进行抗性鉴定，结果表明东北三省大豆存在大量抗优势致病镰孢菌F. solani和F. oxysporum的资源。黑龙江的357份大豆品种（系）中抗F. solani的占39.03%，抗F. oxysporum的占62.37%。吉林的27份主栽大豆品种中抗F. solani的占23.46%，抗F. oxysporum的占46.91%。辽宁的24份主栽大豆品种中抗F. solani的占25.00%，抗F. oxysporum的占61.11%。黑龙江的菽锦05-SH、黑农65、D09-005、D09-072和 D09-077对来自不同地区的强毒力F. solani和F. oxysporum均表现抗病。来自不同省份的F. solani和F. oxysporum菌株对同一个大豆品种（系）的毒力存在差异，因此在鉴定品种抗病性时应尽量选用当地的镰孢菌株。同时用8种大豆根腐镰孢菌（Fusarium spp.）强毒力和弱毒力菌株接种东北地区的10个主栽大豆品种，在所产生的160个互作中，抗病互作占74.38%，表明主栽大豆品种对镰孢菌根腐病普遍存在抗性。其中绥农28和丹豆13对弱毒力燕麦镰孢菌(Fusarium avenaceum)、黑农44和东农2037对弱毒力尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)表现免疫；不存在对所有8种大豆根腐镰孢菌均表现抗病和均表现感病的大豆品种。依据抗病互作所占比例和平均病情指数，10个主栽大豆品种对8种镰孢菌的总体抗性频率由高到低依次为：九农28、吉育35、绥农28、铁豆44、黑农44、丹豆13、垦丰16、东农2037、辽豆17、合丰55。主栽大豆品种对同种镰孢菌的强毒力和弱毒力菌株抗感表现一致的占71.25%，因而在鉴定品种抗病性时可以不考虑镰孢菌菌株的毒力强弱。

Resistance of soybean cultivars (lines) against Fusarium species causing soybean root rot in northeast China

In this study, 408 soybean cultivars (lines) were identified for resistance to the strong virulent strains of Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani from northeast China. Results showed that the resistant resources of soybean against F. oxysporum and F. solani were abundant in northeast China. Among 357 soybean cultivars (lines) from Heilongjiang Province, resistant cultivars against F. solani and F. oxysporum accounted for 39.03% and 62.37% respectively. Among 27 soybean cultivars from Jilin Province, resistant cultivars against F. solani and F. oxysporum accounted for 23.46% and 46.91% respectively. Among 24 cultivars from Liaoning Province, resistant cultivars against F. solani and F. oxysporum accounted for 25.00% and 61.11% respectively. Jiaojin05-SH, Heinong65, D09-005, D09-072 and D09-077 from Heilongjiang Province showed resistance against strong virulent strains of F. solani and F. oxysporum from northeast China. There were differences in the virulence of F. solani and F. oxysporum strains from different provinces to the same soybean cultivar (line), so the local Fusarium strain should be selected for resistance identification. Ten major soybean cultivars from northeast China were identified for resistance against eight Fusarium species with strong and weak virulence. The results showed that resistant interactions accounted for 74.38% among the 160 interactions, indicating that the resistance against Fusarium root rot existed abundant in soybean cultivars. Suinong28 and Dandou13 were immune to weak virulent F. avenaceum, Heinong44 and dongnong2037 immunized to weak virulence F. oxysporum; and at the same time there was no cultivar resistant to all eight Fusarium species. According to the proportion of resistance interactions and the average disease index, the resistant frequency of ten cultivars descending order were Jiunong28, Jiyu35, Suinong28, Tiedou44, Heinong44, Dandou13, Kenfeng16, Dongnong2037, Liaodou17, Hefeng55. Cultivars shown resistance to both Fusarium strong and weak virulence strains accounted for 71.25%, therefore, virulence of Fusarium strain was not taken into account for identifying resistance of soybean cultivar to Fusarium species.