2种移栽方式对银杏根系、枝叶生长与水分状况的影响

测定移植后栽培于控根容器和种植穴中银杏新生根系和枝叶的生长状况、管胞和纹孔的显微结构以及茎流速率、枝条栓塞脆弱性、叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度等水分生理指标,探讨不同栽培方式对银杏生长恢复和水分状况的影响.结果表明:在同样生长范围的新生根系生物量中,容器银杏的小根数量最多,而穴植银杏的粗根所占的比例最大,容器银杏细根和小根的根长密度约为穴植银杏6.12倍.容器银杏枝条长度、粗度和叶面积分别比穴植银杏增加约51.2%、34.6%和33.0%,差异显著;管胞形状比穴植银杏明显变宽变短,纹孔形状由椭圆形变为近似圆形.容器银杏白天的茎流速率较大,昼夜变化规律明显,枝条栓塞脆弱性降低,叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶片水势较高,在0.05水平上存在显著差异.此外,容器银杏再次移植时能保证根系完整,是比较理想的银杏大规格苗木栽培方式.

Effects on Root, Shoot and Leaf Growth and Water Status of Ginkgo biloba with Two Tronsplanting Modes

The objectives of our article were to discuss the effects on water status and growth after Ginkgo had been transplanted and cultivated in the container and in the planting-hole for two years by measuring the growth of new root,shoot and leaf,microstructure of tracheid and pit,sapflow velocity,embolism vulnerability-curve,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and water potential. The results indicated the container-planting-Ginkgo had more rootlet than that the hole-planting-Ginkgo did while,by contrast,the hole-planting-Ginkgo had more thick root. The root length density of fine root and rootlet with container planting was about 6.12 times more than the hole planting. The length of shoot,the diameter of shoot and the area of leaf of container-planting-Ginkgo were respectively 51.2%,34.6%,and 33.0% more than the hole-planting-Ginkgo,and the difference of them was significant. The results also indicated the tracheid of container-planting-Ginkgo was wider and shorter than that of hole-planting-Ginkgo. The pit of container-planting-Ginkgo was an approximate round while that of hole-planting-Ginkgo was ellipse. As compared with hole-planting-Ginkgo,during the daytime the container-planting-Ginkgo had significantly higher the sapflow velocity,the stomatal conductance,the transpiration rate and the water potential,and lower embolism vulnerability. Moreover,the root system would keep intact if being transplanted again. So,the container planting was a better planting mode of big standards mature tree cultivation.