利用胚挽救技术创制葡萄多倍体种质的研究

为培育三倍体无核葡萄新品种,以二倍体欧洲葡萄无核品种红宝石无核、爱莫无核、黎明无核和欧山杂种北醇及四倍体欧美杂种藤稔、黑奥林为亲本,进行了红宝石无核×藤稔、黎明无核×藤稔、爱莫无核×黑奥林、藤稔×北醇、黑奥林×北醇5个组合的杂交,通过胚挽救技术获得杂种幼苗41株。在此基础上,利用流式细胞术、染色体计数的方法对所获得的杂种幼苗进行了早期倍性鉴定,结果表明有10株杂种为三倍体,6株为四倍体,4株为非整倍体,其余21株为二倍体。这将为进一步选育出三倍体无核葡萄新品种和提供新的育种材料奠定基础。

Study on breeding polyploidy grape by embryo rescue techniques

For the purpose of breeding triploid grape,five cross combinations including Ruby Seedless(Vitis vinifera) × Fujiminori(V.vinifera × V.labrusca),Dawn Seedless(V.vinifera) × Fujiminor(V.vinifera× V.labrusca),Emerald Seedless(V.vinifera) × Black Olimpia(V.vinifera × V.labrusca),Fujiminori × Beichun(V.vinifera × V.amurensis)and Black Olimpia × Beichun were performed and embryo rescue techniques were employed.As a result,41 hybrid seedlings were obtained.Furthermore,the chromosome ploidy of these hybrids was measured by flow cytometry and chromosome identification.The results showed that the hybrids were made up of 10 triploid plants,6 tetraploid plants,4 aneuploid plants and 21 diploid plants.This study will provide a foundation for further breeding triploid varieties and new breeding materials in grape.