甘肃省苹果病虫害发生情况初探

采用抽样调查和定点调查相结合的方法,在2010-2011年对甘肃省苹果病虫害种类、分布范围和危害程度进行了系统调查。结果表明:甘肃省危害苹果的病害共22种,虫害40种,主要病虫害有苹果树腐烂病、斑点落叶病、褐斑病、锈病、山楂叶螨、金纹细蛾、绣线菊蚜、康氏粉蚧、桃小食心虫等;其中苹果树腐烂病在全省各市(州)均有发生,天水、平凉、庆阳、陇南为中度偏重发生,平均发病率达30%,斑点落叶病和褐斑病在兰州、白银、天水、平凉、庆阳、陇南、定西普遍发生,庆阳、平凉中度发生,山楂叶螨在天水、平凉、武威、庆阳中度发生,苹果绵蚜在平凉、定西轻度发生,庆阳中度偏重发生,检疫性害虫苹果蠹蛾在酒泉、嘉峪关、张掖轻度发生。

Preliminary study on main pests and diseases of apple in Gansu Province

The kinds, distribution and incidence of main pests and diseases of apple in Gansu Province were investigated in 2010 and 2011 with the sample survey and point survey methods. The results showed that 22 kinds of diseases and 40 kinds of pests were found in the total apple orchards investigated. Among all kinds of pests and diseases, Valsa ceratosperma, Alternaria alternata f.sp. mali, Marssonina mali, Gymnosporangium yamadai, Tetranychus viennensis, Lithocolletis ringoniella, Aphis citricola, Pseudococcus comstocki and Carposina niponensis occurred all over the apple production areas in Gansu. Moreover, the average incidence of apple tree canker occurred more severely in Tianshui, Pingliang, Qingyang and Longnan, reaching 30%. A. alternata f.sp. mali and M. mali occurred in Lanzhou, Baiyin, Tianshui, Pingliang, Qingyang, Longnan and Dingxi, especially in Qingyang and Pingliang. T. viennensis occurred moderately in Tianshui, Pingliang, Wuwei and Qingyang. Eriosoma lanigerum occurred mildly in Qingyang, Pingliang and Dingxi. Cydia pomonella, one quarantine insect, occurred mildly in Jiuquan, Jiayuguan and Zhangye.