吉林莫莫格春季白鹤觅食地生境初步研究

白鹤为大型涉禽,由于栖息地丧失,数量减少,已被CITES列为附录I,IUCN红皮书列为全球濒危物种,并被列为国家I级重点保护鸟类。2010年5月,笔者在吉林莫莫格自然保护区对白鹤春季迁徙停栖地生境进行了调查:采用GPS定位技术和直接观察法对白鹤栖息生境进行测定,共获取70个1 m×1 m的样方,测定其春季觅食地植物的类型、盖度、高度、植被密度等;结果显示:春季白鹤觅食地主要植被有扁杆蔗草、野稗、虎尾草、芦苇、荆三棱、水葱、酸模叶蓼、东方蓼等;植被平均高度52 cm,植被密度≥100棵/m~2,盖度≤75%。根据实地调查,春季迂徙季节,白鹤在莫莫格自然保护区的主要食物是扁杆蔗草,并且喜爱在植被密度低的地区觅食。

A Preliminary Study on Spring Foraging Habitat of Siberian Crane in Momoge, Jilin Province

Siberian Crane （ Grus leucogeranus ） is a large wader. Because of habitat loss, its global population is declining and is now endangered. Siberian Crane is listed in CITES Appendix I （ which bans all international trade in the species） is cat- egorized as Endangered in the IUCN Red List, and is also listed in the First Category of Protected Birds in China. During May 2010, we investigated the foraging habitat of Siberian Crane using GPS and direct observation at Momoge National Nature Reserve, Jilin Province. We established 70 plots （ 1 m × 1 m） for sampling vegetation. We recorded vegetation species, height, coverage, and density. The main plant species in foraging habitats included Scirpus planiculmis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Chlo- ris virgata, Pbragmites australis, Scirpus fluviatilis, Scirpus tabernaemontani, Polygonum lapathifolium, and Polygonum orientale. Average vegetation height was 52 cm, average density was t≥ 100 ind./m^2 and vegetation coverage was ≤75%. The main food of Siberian Crane was Scirpus planiculmis. Siberian Crane fed predominantly in areas of lower vegetation density during spring migration season.