褐飞虱及白背飞虱空中迁飞规律的研究

为了研究褐飞虱、白背飞虱的迁飞规律,作者于1977～1979年夏季和秋季,在华中地区,用运五型飞机,携带自行设计的活动型捕虫装置,进行空中捕捉褐飞虱、白背飞虱的试验。三年间共飞行91小时58分,计13000公里,共捕获褐飞虱、白背飞虱1915头,占捕虫总数的53.71%。试验结果证实了这两虫具有明显的季节性的中、长距离的迁飞特性,并探明了其空中迁飞的垂直高度、水平分布、虫口密度和迁飞种群的型式、姿态、生理状况、回迁动态以及迁飞起飞与气象条件的关系。

A GENERAL SURVEY ON SEASONAL MIGRATIONS OF NILAP ARV AT A LUGENS(STǺL) AND SOGATELLA FURCIFERA (HORVATH) (HOMOPTERA:DELPHACIDAE) BY MEANS OF AIRPLANE COLLECTIONS

The brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and the white backed planthopper (WPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath),are serious insect pests infesting rice crop in China. During 1977-1979, airplane collections of both BPH and WPH from central China (Hupei, Hunan, Kiangsi and Anhwei) have been made in the summer and in the fall by using a specially designed trap attached to the bottom of an airplane. For the purpose of regular collections, we have flown a total distance of about 13,000 kilometers. Nine species of planthoppers have been collected. The total number of planthoppers collected was 2102, including 946 BPH, 969 WPH and 187 other planthoppers. In addition, we have collected many other insects belonging to 10 orders and 50 families. Eighty-nine specimens of the black-shouldered green mirid, Cyrtorrhinus lividipennis Reuter, a predator of the BPH, have been caught by the airplane trap. These migratory planthoppers usually flew in swarms.The heights of migrations of these planthoppers were from 1500 to 2000 m in the summer, and 500 to 1000 m in the fall. It has been estimated that in the summer, the highest aerial density of the BPH was 4.80/1000m³ and that of the WPH was 4.27/1000m³, While in the fall, the highest aerial density of the BPH was 3.89/1000m³ and that of the WPH was 1.40/1000m³. In Hupei, earlier infestations caused by these planthoppers in rice fields were usually coincided with higher aerial densities of these migratory planthoppers. Present studies have also proved that mass migrations of these planthoppers depended largely on winds. Their north-ward migration was mainly enforced by the south-western wind in the summer. Their south-ward migration or back home migration was enforced by the north-eastern wind in the fall. There is evidence to show that summer migrations of these planthoppers may start insouth China. Their spread may continue until they reach north China.