播期对不同熟期玉米产量及生理成熟后茎秆力学特性的影响

2017-2018年以早熟(鑫鑫1号)、中熟(富民985)和晚熟(沈玉21)品种为试验材料,分析3个播期对不同熟期品种玉米子粒产量、茎秆力学特性及倒伏率的影响。结果表明,晚熟品种早播子粒产量最高,比中播和晚播处理分别增加7.6%和28.4%。中熟品种早播,茎秆拉力(SBF)、基部第3节间穿刺强度(RPSTI)和第4节间压碎强度(RCSFI)较中播和晚播处理分别提高10.0%~24.7%和15.1%~57.3%。晚熟品种早播,SBF、RPSTI和RCSFI较中播和晚播处理分别提高27.2%~33.8%和34.0%~70.7%,中熟和晚熟品种播期推迟倒伏率最大增幅分别达49.2%和61.2%。综上,推荐采用中晚熟品种适期早播以提高玉米产量和生理成熟后茎秆质量,降低倒伏风险。

Effects of Sowing Date on Grain Yield and Stalk Mechanical Properties of Maize Cultivars with Various Maturation in Northeast China

By using three maize cultivars of early(Xinxin 1), medium(Fumin985) and late(Shenyu 21) maturity stages as test materials, the present study investigated the effects of the treatments of early, medium and late sowing dates on grain yield, stalk mechanical characteristics and lodging rate of maize cultivars with various maturities in 2017-2018. The results showed that the highest grain yield was found from the late maturity cultivars under early sowing condition, by 7.6% and 28.4% increasing compared to the treatments of medium and late sown maize, respectively. The early sowing for medium maturity cultivars increased the stalk breaking force(SBF), the 3rd basal internode rind penetration strength(RPSTI) and the 4th basal internode rind crushing strength(RCSFI) by 10.0%-24.7% and 15.1%-57.3% compared to the medium and late sowing treatments, respectively. Early sowing of cultivars with late maturity increased the SBF, RPSTI and RCSFI by 27.2%-33.8% and 34.0%-70.7% compared to the medium and late sowing treatments, respectively. With the delay of sowing date, the maximum increase of lodging rate reached 49.2% and 61.2% for medium- and late-maturity cultivars, respectively. The early sowing for medium- and late-maturity cultivars are recommended to improve grain yield and stalk quality after physiological maturity.