玉米木霉穗腐病接种方法及玉米新品种的抗性分析

穗腐病是玉米的重要病害之一。近年来,由木霉Trichoderma spp.引起的穗腐病逐年加重。抗病玉米品种的选育和利用是控制穗腐病的经济、安全和有效措施。连续3年(2020-2022年)比较分析花丝喷雾法、花丝通道注射法、子粒注射法、牙签法等接种方法对玉米木霉穗腐病抗性鉴定效果。结果表明,花丝通道注射法发病强度适中,能使不同品种在人工接种后表现出不同水平的抗性反应,较适用于玉米抗木霉穗腐病鉴定接种,是一种比较理想、容易操作的接种方法。2021-2022年鉴定的玉米新品种中,对木霉穗腐病表现高抗、抗性、中抗、感病和高感的品种分别占2.6%、13.6%、26.0%、44.4%和13.4%。

Analysis of the Inoculation Method of Trichoderma Ear Rot and the Resistance of New Maize Varieties

Ear rot is a serious disease of maize. The ear rot caused by Trichoderma spp. is increasing year by year in China. The development and utilization of resistant cultivars is the most economical, safe, and effective method for controlling ear rot. Over the past three years(2020-2022), four methods of resistance identification have been compared, including silk spraying, silk channel injection, kernel injection, and the two toothpicks method. The results showed that the silk channel injection method had moderate disease intensity, which could make different varieties show different levels of resistance responses after artificial inoculation. Silk channel injection was a desired and easy-to-operate inoculation method, which was conducive to the natural expansion and infection of pathogens. During 2021-2022, 2.6%, 13.6%, 26.0%, 44.4%, and 13.4% of new maize varieties were highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible to Trichoderma ear rot, respectively.