江苏省大米重金属调查与膳食摄入评估

为探究苏南、苏中、苏北地区大米中重金属含量的空间分布特征，及其经大米途径摄入重金属元素的健康风险，本研究于2014—2018年收集了江苏省13个地级市产地的980份稻谷样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)，对糙米中镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)和铬(Cr)元素的含量进行了研究。结果表明：江苏省大米中Cd、总As、无机As、Pb和Cr含量范围分别为0.002～0.314、0.003～0.513、0.003～0.385、0.002～0.722 mg·kg^-1和0.002～1.982 mg·kg^-1，算术平均值分别为0.038、0.147、0.110、0.032 mg·kg^-1和0.042 mg·kg^-1。相较于食品安全国家标准GB 2762—2022，大米中Cd、Pb和Cr含量超标率依次为0.9%、2.8%和0.2%，据估测大米中无机As含量的超标率为0.2%。与全国和全球水平相比，江苏省大米中总As和无机As含量较高，人群具有较高的大米无机As暴露风险。江苏省大米中Cd含量呈现由北向南...

Survey of heavy metals in rice in Jiangsu Province and dietary intake assessment

This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution pattern of heavy metal contamination in rice across three regions in Jiangsu Province, China. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate dietary intake associated with rice consumption among the general population in the province. A survey conducted between 2014 to 2018 involved the collection of 980 rice grain samples from 13 rice production areas in Jiangsu Province. These rice samples were analyzed for the concentrations of cadmium（Cd）, arsenic（As）, lead（Pb）, and chromium（Cr） using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The study findings revealed that the concentrations of Cd, total As, inorganic As, Pb, and Cr in rice grain samples from Jiangsu Province ranged from 0.002 to 0.314 mg·kg^-1, 0.003 to 0.513 mg·kg^-1, 0.003 to 0.385 mg·kg^-1, 0.002 to 0.722 mg·kg^-1, and 0.002 to 1.982 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The arithmetic mean values for these concentrations were 0.038, 0.147, 0.110, and 0.032 mg·kg^-1. The percentage of samples were respectively 0.9%, 2.8% and 0.2%, exceeded the Chinese food safety standards for Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations in rice grain samples, with inorganic As exceeding limit estimated to be 0.2% of the samples. In comparison to national and global levels, the concentrations of As and inorganic As in rice grain from Jiangsu Province were higher, indicating a potentially increased health risk for local adults due to inorganic As exposure. Additionally, the spatial distribution of Cd concentration in rice grain exhibited a decreasing trend from south to north, suggesting that adults in southern Jiangsu faced a higher health risk of Cd exposure through rice consumption. This trend may be attributed to a higher availability of soil Cd in the more economically developed southern region and soil acidification in this region. Regarding daily intake estimates, adults in Jiangsu Province were estimated to ingest 0.19 μg·kg^-1 BW·d^-1 of Cd, 0.48 μg·kg^-1 BW·d^-1 of inorganic As, 0.14 μg·kg^-1 BW·d^-1 of Pb, and 0.18 μg·kg^-1 BW·d^-1 of Cr through rice consumption. While these intake levels generally fell below health guidelines recommended by domestic and foreign authorities, the health risks associated with inorganic As exposure in Jiangsu Province and Cd exposure in South Jiangsu through rice consumption were relatively higher. In conclusion, the concentrations of heavy metals in rice grain from Jiangsu Province generally met the acceptable safety standards. The study underscores the importance of implementing proactive initiatives to enhance the monitoring of Cd and inorganic As concentrations in rice grain produced within Jiangsu Province. These efforts are essential to mitigate the potential dietary exposure risks associated with Cd and inorganic As from rice consumption.