Procedures of soil farming allowing reduction of compaction |
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Authors: | M Kroulík Z Kvíz F Kumhála J Hůla T Loch |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Agricultural Machines, Technical Faculty, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic |
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Abstract: | Evaluation of new technologies using guidance systems is very important and can help producers with choosing the right equipment
for their applications. Without using satellite navigation during field operations, there is a tendency for passes to overlap.
That results in waste of fuel and pesticides, longer working times and also environmental damage. When utilising satellite
guidance for field operations, there is a close connection with controlled traffic farming (CTF) as well. CTF is currently
a quite quickly developing farming system based on fixed layout of machinery passes across a field. Tracks precisely set out
for a machine’s tyres in the field could be a tool for minimising soil compaction risk which is another threat to the environment.
The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the accuracy of currently available guidance systems for agricultural machines.
Real pass-to-pass errors (omissions and overlaps) in a field were measured. Consequently, comparison between observed guidance
systems was made regarding final working accuracy. Further, intensity of machinery passes, percentage of wheeled area and
repeated passes in fields were monitored. These measurements were made in fields under real operating conditions using a conventional
tillage system with ploughing and also a conservation tillage system, both systems with randomly organized traffic. Finally,
the same parameters were monitored in fields where fixed machinery tracks were used for all operations and passes but only
under a conservation tillage system. Pass-to-pass accuracy was measured for the evaluation of different guidance systems.
Size of missed areas or overlaps was evaluated statistically. Concerning intensity of machinery passes and total field area
affected by machinery passes, the following facts were found out. The experiments with randomized traffic showed a significant
difference of the parameters mentioned above between a conventional tillage system with ploughing and a conservation tillage
system. Wheeled area was 86 and 64%, respectively which proves benefits of conservation tillage. The experiments with a fixed
track system showed that the total run-over area by machinery tyres decreased even more (up to 31%) in comparison to randomized
traffic in a field (only fields under conservation tillage system were monitored and evaluated). The following statements
based on our results can be made. The navigation and therefore possibility for better accuracy of machinery passes in fields
together with permanent machinery tracks utilization could help with soil condition improvement and also energy savings which
would result from that. The CTF system will help with further development of a system for soil compaction protection which
is currently a real necessity. |
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