重庆三峡库区鲍威尔脐橙花期叶片矿质营养诊断

【目的】通过对重庆三峡库区江津和奉节鲍威尔脐橙果园叶片矿质元素测定并进行叶片营养状况诊断，为鲍威尔脐橙高产优质施肥方案的制定提供依据。【方法】以重庆三峡库区江津和奉节40个代表性12年生枳橙砧鲍威尔脐橙小区植株为试材，通过测定盛花期叶片中氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、铁（Fe）、铜（Cu）、锰（Mn）、锌（Zn）元素的含量和小区产量，运用叶片营养组分分析法(CND)、诊断施肥综合法(DRIS)和标准含量适宜偏差百分数法(DOP)3种方法对两个地区低产组叶片营养状况进行诊断。【结果】根据CND拐点法确定高产园划分临界值为330 t·hm^-2，其中仅有奉节地区6个小区满足此条件，占总样本15.0%，同时依据高产组叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn等各营养元素含量范围确定上述元素适宜值分别为N(2.0±0.1)%、P(0.12±0.01)%、K(2.1±0.5)%、Ca(3.1±0.4)g·kg^-1 DW、Mg (0.31±0.03)g·kg^-1 DW、Fe(36.6±13.1)mg·kg^-1 DW、Mn (51.4±21.6)mg·kg^-1 DW、Cu(2.2±0.7)mg·kg^-1 DW和Zn(12.3±1.5)mg·kg^-1 DW；建立不同营养元素CND法叶标准参比值为V_N*=3.62±0.07，V_P*=0.78±0.08，V_K*=1.36±0.21，V_Ca*=1.74±0.14，V_Mg*=-0.55±0.10，V_Fe*=-2.74±0.36，V_Mn*=-2.40±0.39，V_Cu*=-5.55±0.32，V_Zn*=-3.78±0.10；依据DRIS法对江津地区筛选出N/K、N/Fe、N/Cu、P/K、P/Fe、P/Cu、K/Fe、K/Cu、Ca/N、Ca/P、Ca/K、Ca/Fe、Ca/Mn、Ca/Cu、Mg/N、Mg/P、Mg/K、Mg/Fe、Mg/Cu、Mn/N、Mn/P、Mn/K、Mn/Mg、Mn/Fe、Mn/Cu、Mn/Zn、Zn/Ca、Zn/Mg、Zn/Fe、Zn/Cu等30个，奉节地区筛选出Ca/K、Mg/K、Mg/Zn、Mn/N、Mn/P、Mn/K、Mn/Ca、Mn/Mg、Mn/Fe、Mn/Cu、Cu/P、Cu/K、Cu/Mg、Cu/Fe等14个叶片营养浓度比值参数；根据叶片矿质元素含量适宜值采用CND、DRIS、DOP 3种方法对奉节低产小区和江津地区橘园盛花期叶片营养诊断。其中，CND法需肥顺序：江津为Ca＞Mg＞N＞P＞Mn，奉节为N＞Ca＞P＞Zn＞Fe＞Mn；DRIS法需肥顺序：江津为Ca＞Mg＞＞Mn＞N＞P，奉节为Zn＞＞Fe＞Ca＞Mn＞N＞Mg；DOP法需肥顺序，江津为Ca＞Mn＞Mg，奉节为Mn＞＞Zn＞Fe＞Ca＞Mg＞N。【结论】3种方法诊断结果表明，果园营养不平衡指数江津地区CND、DRIS、DOP分别为166.5、4 291.0、117.5，奉节低产小区分别为37.2、570.0、14.1，奉节果园营养平衡状况均优于江津，两产区均具有很大的增产潜力。

Leaf Nutritional Diagnosis of Powell Navel Orange at Flowering Stage in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to evaluate leaf nutritional status by investigating the mineral elements content in the leaves of Powell navel orange orchard at flowering stage in Jiangjin and Fengjie regions of Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and to provide a basis for formulating fertilization scheme of Powell navel orange. 【Method】 Field experiments were conducted in the forty representative 12-year-old Powell navel orange plots from Jiangjin and Fengjie regions in Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir. The plot yield and content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) were measured. The compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND), diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS), and deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) methods were used to diagnose the leaf nutritional status for the low-yield groups. 【Result】 The leaf analysis of CND indicated that the yield cutoff value of high-yield orchard was 330 t·hm^-2, only 6 plots from Fengjie fulfilled this criterion, accounting for 15.0% of 40 plots. The leaf nutrition optimum values at flowering stage were N (2.0±0.1) %, P (0.12±0.01) %, K (2.1±0.5) %, Ca (3.1±0.4) g·kg^-1 DW, Mg (0.31±0.03) g·kg^-1 DW, Fe (36.6±13.1) mg·kg^-1 DW, Mn (51.4±21.6) mg·kg^-1 DW, Cu (2.2±0.7) mg·kg^-1 DW and Zn (12.3±1.5) mg·kg^-1 DW according to the leaf nutrition concentration in Fengjie high-yield group. The CND norms had been established with V_N*=3.62±0.07, V_P*=0.78±0.08, V_K*=1.36±0.21, V_Ca*=1.74±0.14, V_Mg*=-0.55±0.10, V_Fe*=-2.74±0.36, V_Mn*=-2.40±0.39, V_Cu*=-5.55±0.32, V_Zn*=-3.78±0.10, respectively. Meanwhile, there were 30 (N/K, N/Fe, N/Cu, P/K, P/Fe, P/Cu, K/Fe, K/Cu, Ca/N, Ca/P, Ca/K, Ca/Fe, Ca/Mn, Ca/Cu, Mg/N, Mg/P, Mg/K, Mg/Fe, Mg/Cu, Mn/N, Mn/P, Mn/K, Mn/Mg, Mn/Fe, Mn/Cu, Mn/Zn, Zn/Ca, Zn/Mg, Zn/Fe, Zn/Cu) and 14 (Ca/K, Mg/K, Mg/Zn, Mn/N, Mn/P, Mn/K, Mn/Ca, Mn/Mg, Mn/Fe, Mn/Cu, Cu/P, Cu/K, Cu/Mg, Cu/Fe) important DRIS norms in Jiangjin and Fengjie regions by DRIS method, respectively. Moreover, CND, DRIS, and DOP were used for the leaf nutrition diagnosis in producing the low-yield subpopulation of Fengjie plots and Jiangjin region. Among them, the fertilization order was confirmed with Ca＞Mg＞N＞P＞Mn in Jiangjin region and N＞Ca＞P＞Zn＞Fe＞Mn in Fengjie region by CND method; Ca＞Mg＞＞Mn＞N＞P in Jiangjin region and Zn＞＞Fe＞Ca＞Mn＞N＞Mg in Fengjie region by DRIS method; Ca＞Mn＞Mg in Jiangjin region and Mn＞＞Zn＞Fe＞Ca＞Mg＞N in Fengjie region by DOP method.【Conclusion】The average nutrient balance index of CND, DRIS and DOP was 166.5, 4 291.0, and 117.5 in Jiangjin region, respectively. the average nutrient balance index of CND, DRIS and DOP was 37.2, 570.0, and 14.1, respectively. The leaf nutritional status in Fengjie region was superior to that in Jiangjin region, and both areas had a great potential of production.