全株玉米青贮饲喂小尾寒羊和不同组合杂交羊生产性能的比较

【目的】在国家大力推进"粮改饲"的背景下,研究以全株玉米青贮为基础的全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR)饲喂小尾寒羊和不同组合杂交羊,对其生长性能、屠宰性能和经济效益的影响,为推进全株玉米青贮应用和肉羊健康养殖提供理论支持。【方法】以尼龙袋法对全株玉米青贮前后的营养成分和瘤胃降解性进行评价;饲养试验中选择4个不同品种的3月龄断奶健康公羔羊各30只,体重相近(27.6±1.7)kg,以品种差异分为4个处理,分别是小尾寒羊(SH),"杜泊×小尾寒羊"杂交F1(DH),"蒙古羊×小尾寒羊"杂交F1(MH)和"杜泊×洼地绵羊"杂交F1(DW),每处理3个重复,每重复10只羊,饲喂以全株玉米青贮为基础的TMR,精粗比25:75。预试期10 d,正试期80 d,进行生长性能和屠宰性能的测定。【结果】与青贮前相比,青贮后粗蛋白质含量无显著差异(P0.05),DM含量、有机物(OM)含量和瘤胃降解参数的快速降解部分(a值)显著提高(P0.01),NDF含量、ADF含量和有效降解率显著降低(P0.001)。生产性能方面,不同组合杂交羊比小尾寒羊DMI有增加的趋势(0.05P0.1);杜寒和杜洼杂交羊ADG、FCR、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率和胴体净肉率显著高于小尾寒羊(P0.05)。经济效益方面,各处理的饲料成本无显著差异(P0.05),杜寒和杜洼杂交羊净肉增重、产肉效益和生产利润显著高于小尾寒羊和蒙寒杂交羊(P0.01)。【结论】全株玉米青贮适宜作为肉羊育肥TMR主要饲料来源,不同品种的肉羊均表现出良好的生产性能。其中,杜寒和杜洼杂交羊的生产性能和经济效益均优于小尾寒羊和蒙寒杂交羊,而小尾寒羊和蒙寒杂交羊生产性能无显著差异。由此,杜寒和杜洼杂交羊更适合作为黄淮海农区肉羊育肥品种。

Study on Production Performance of Small-Tail Han Sheep and Different Combinations of Hybrid Sheep Fed Whole-Plant Corn Silage

【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the total mixed ration (TMR) based on the whole-plant corn silage on the production performance and economic profit of fattening sheep of different varieties and therefore offer theoretical support to the application of the whole-plant corn silage and healthy sheep production. 【Method】Nutritional composition and rumen degradation characteristics of the whole-plant corn before and after ensiling were evaluated by in Sacco method. Four varieties of 3-month-old healthy male lambs (breast-milk weaned) with similar body weight (27.6±1.7) kg, were selected. There were the following four treatments accordingly: Small-Tail Han (SH), “Dorper×Small-Tail Han” F₁ (DH), “Mongolia×Han” F₁ (MH) and “Dorper×Wadi” F₁ (DW). Each treatment had 30 lambs, which were divided into 3 replications. Forage to concentrate ratio of TMR is 25:75. There was an adaptation period of 10 days followed by an experimental period of 80 days, measuring the growth performance and slaughtering performance. 【Result】Comparing to the whole-plant corn before ensiling, the silage did not have different content of crude protein (CP) (P＞0.05) but owned greater DM, OM and rapidly degraded fraction (a) (P＜0.01) and lower NDF, ADF and effective degradation rate (ED) (P＜0.001). There was a tendency of higher DMI with hybrid sheep than with SH (0.05＜P＜0.1). The average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass weight, neat weight, dressing percentage, neat percentage and neat percentage expressed in relation to carcass weight of DH and DW sheep were significantly higher than those of SH sheep (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in feed cost among all groups (P＞0.05). The net meat gain, meat production efficiency and economic profit of DH and DW sheep were significantly higher than those of SH and MH sheep (P＜0.01). 【Conclusion】 The whole-plant corn silage was suitable for use as the main feed source of TMR for fattening sheep, and all different breeds of sheep showed an expected production performance. The DH and DW hybrid sheep had a higher production performance and economic profit than that of SH sheep and MH hybrid sheep. However, there was no difference in production between SH and MH crossbred sheep. Therefore, DH and DW hybrid sheep were more suitable as fattening breeds in Huang-Huai-Hai farming area.