全有机营养肥水耦合对番茄品质、产量及水分利用效率的影响

【目的】在有机基质袋式栽培下，研究有机营养液与水分耦合是实现有机栽培的重要途径。【方法】试验以樱桃番茄为试材，采用有机基质袋式栽培方式，以日本园试营养液配方（F3）为对照，设置2种有机营养液配方处理：F1（有机营养液配方1）和F2（有机营养液配方2）；2个灌水量水平：W1（蹲苗期及阴雨天按ET100%灌溉，其他按ET120%灌溉）和W2（蹲苗期及阴雨天按ET120%灌溉，其他按ET150%灌溉）。按照随机区组试验设计，将营养液配方和灌水量二因素进行耦合，共得6个处理。【结果】研究结果表明，与无机营养液肥（日本园试营养液）相比，两种有机营养液配方显著提高了番茄叶片的光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率，同时显著提高了果实中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、番茄红素含量，降低了果实中硝酸盐含量，明显改善了果实品质，并且具有显著的增产效果；随灌水量的增加，叶片光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率显著提高，产量提高，而果实营养品质指标略有下降，表现出一定的“稀释效应”。采用主成分分析方法对综合品质进行评价，F2W1处理的综合品质最好，F3W2处理最差；不同肥水耦合处理中，F2W2处理产量最高，除与F1W2处理差异不显著外，显著高于其他处理；F2W1处理水分利用效率最高。【结论】综合考虑番茄光合、品质、产量、灌溉水分利用效率等因素，F2W1处理为最优肥水耦合组合，即蹲苗期及阴雨天按ET100%灌溉，其他时期按ET120%灌溉，同时按有机营养液配方2进行施肥，可以作为全有机营养液肥水管理指标。

Effects of All-Organic Nutrient Solution and Water Coupling on Quality,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato

【Objective】Under the organic substrate cultivation, the research on organic nutrient solution coupling with water is the important way to actualize the organic cultivation. 【Method】The cherry tomato was used as the test material, and the organic substrate in bag was selected as the cultivation method. In contrast to Japanese garden general formula (F3), 2 organic nutrient solutions (F1: Organic nutrient solution formula 1; F2: Organic nutrient solution formula 2) were set, and 2 irrigation amount levels (W1: 100% ET at seedling period and rainy days, 120% ET at other times; W2: 120% ET at seedling period and rainy days, 150% ET at other times) were set. 【Result】The results indicated that two organic nutrient solutions significantly increased the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tomato leaves, and reduced the nitrate content in fruits, whereas the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and lycopene were improved, comparing with the inorganic nutrient solution. Meanwhile, with the increase of irrigation amount, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tomato leaves increased significantly, and the yield of tomato increased significantly too, while the fruit quality indexes showed the dilution effect. The comprehensive quality evaluation showed that F2W1 treatment was the best. Among different fertilizer and water treatments, F2W2 treatment had the highest yield, which was significantly higher than those under other treatments, except for the insignificant difference compared with F1W2 treatment. F2W1 treatment had the highest water use efficiency. 【Conclusion】Generally, F2W1 (Organic nutrient solution formula 2 with 100% ET at seedling period and rainy days, 120% ET at other times) was considered as the optimal fertilizer and water coupling treatment, which could be used as the all-organic nutrient solution and water management indicator.