烤烟主要化学成分与环境土壤养分对标准体系制定的影响——以湖南烟区为例

烟叶品质与生产环境的关系是烟叶标准化生产首要考虑的问题之一，为探明烤烟主要化学成分与土壤养分间的关系，对湖南主产烟区62份烤烟样品主要化学成分与对应的土壤样品养分进行了数理统计分析。结果表明：烤烟品种G80总糖、还原糖、钾含量显著高于其它三个品种；烟碱与总氮含量在品种间差异不显著。湖南烟区烤烟化学成分含量适中，糖含量以衡阳最高，张家界最低；烟碱含量以怀化最高，邵阳最低；总氮含量以永州最高，邵阳最低；钾含量以长沙最高，张家界最低；土壤有机质含量丰富，全氮和碱解氮含量处于中等水平，全磷含量偏低，有效磷含量处于中等水平，全钾与速效钾含量处于较低水平。土壤全磷和全氮含量对各烤烟化学成分的影响均较强。湖南省在烤烟标准体系的制定过程中要注意运用已有的定量认识，并综合运用经济因素，制订科学、成本节约的标准。可以按区域的不同制定相应的烟叶内控和工商交接质量标准，特别是在制定种植技术规程时要充分考虑当地环境状况。

Concern the establishing of standard system with major chemical composition in flue-cured tobacco leaf and soil nutrient——A case study of tobacco-growing area of hunan

The relationship between tobacco quality and the plant environment is one of the key question in tobacco standardization production. In order to clarify the relationship on the major chemical composition in flue-cured tobacco leaf and soil nutrient, the major chemical composition of 62 tobacco samples and nutrient of the soil samples were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium in G80 are higher than the other tobacco varieties significantly; the contents of nicotine and total nitrogen are no significant difference among tobacco varieties. The contents of flue-cured tobacco chemical composition are moderate in tobacco-growing area of Hunan. The contents of sugar are highest in Hengyang, lowest in Zhangjiajie. The content of nicotine is highest in Huaihua, lowest in Shaoyang. The total nitrogen is highest in Yongzhou, lowest in Shaoyang. The content of potassium is highest in Changsha, lowest in Zhangjiajie. The content of soil organic matter is richer. The contents of total nitrogen and alkalined-nitrogen are in the medium level. The content of total phosphorus is lower and the phosphorus available is in the medium. The contents of total potassium and quick-acting potassium are in the lower level. The effects of total phosphorus and nitrogen content in soil on flue-cured tobacco’s chemical composition are stronger. We could pay attention to establish the quality standard for internal control and industry and commerce change standard vary from the production base, especially, planting standard should consider its environment plenty. We could establish scientific and economical flue-cured tobacco standard system by existing technology quantitatively and economic factors comprehensively.