基于模拟运输条件的梨果实包装振动损伤研究

运输振动是导致果品机械损伤的重要原因之一，而包装形式与缓冲衬垫性能是影响果品运输机械损伤的最关键因素。该文根据等效加速试验原理，模拟实际公路运输工况，试验研究不同缓冲衬垫对箱装水晶梨运输振动损伤保护的影响。结果表明，不同的包装方式对于梨果实损伤的保护作用不同，瓦楞纸板衬垫与隔挡可以使梨果实损伤率减小15%～25%，瓦楞纸板衬垫、隔挡以及网罩的联合包装形式可以使梨果实的损伤率减小35%～45%。包装箱所处堆码层数对梨果实的振动损伤有重要影响，最上层梨果实的损伤最大，最下层梨果实的损伤次之，中间层梨果实的损伤最小。在同一包装箱内，最上层梨果实损伤最大，中间两层次之，最下层最小。

Effect of packaging methods on vibration bruising of pear fruits by simulated transport tests

Vibration is one of the key factors causing the bruising of fruits during distribution. The type and quality of cushioning materials could significantly affect the physical quality of fruits. According to the equivalent accelerated test method, effects of cushioning material and packaging type on mechanical bruising to packaged pear fruits were evaluated by means of simulated transport vibration of highway. In general, simple packaging, more vibration time and higher stack layer will lead to larger bruising of packaged pear fruits. Cushioning packages of corrugated board or clapboard could reduce from 15 to 25 percent bruising of pear fruits. Furthermore, combining foam-net packages could get about 35-45 percent of bruising reductions of pear fruits. Bruising on the top layer of stack was the biggest, while that of the middle was the smallest. In the same packaging corrugated box, pear fruits on the top had the biggest bruising, the intermediate two layers were the next, while the bottom was the smallest.