Solid-phase synthesis of mimosine tetrapeptides and their inhibitory activities on neuraminidase and tyrosinase

Neuraminidase is a rational target for influenza inhibition, and the search for neuraminidase inhibitors has been intensified. Mimosine, a nonprotein amino acid, was for the first time identified as a neuraminidase inhibitor with an IC(50) of 9.8 ± 0.2 μM. It was found that mimosine had slow, time-dependent competitive inhibition against the neuraminidase. Furthermore, a small library of mimosine tetrapeptides (M-A(1)-A(2)-A(3)) was synthesized by solid-phase synthesis and was assayed to evaluate their neuraminidase and tyrosinase inhibitory properties. Most of the tetrapeptides showed better activities than mimosine. Mimosine-FFY was the best compound, and it exhibited 50% neuraminidase inhibition at a low micromolar range of 1.8 ± 0.2 μM, whereas for tyrosinase inhibition, it had an IC(50) of 18.3 ± 0.5 μM. The kinetic studies showed that all of the synthesized peptides inhibited neuraminidase noncompetitively with K(i) values ranging from 1.9 -to 7.2 μM. These results suggest that mimosine could be used as a source of bioactive compounds and may have possibilities in the design of drugs as neuraminidase and tyrosinase inhibitors.