中国最大天然林区的气候变化及其对经济可持续发展的影响

目的]了解我国最大天然林区的气候变化情况。方法]以1987年为界,把1967~2000年大兴安岭南部、中部和北部观测站的观测实况分成2个时间段,分析大兴安岭林区的气候变化及其对经济可持续发展的影响。结果]与1967~1987年相比,1988~2000年大兴安岭林区的年及各季的平均气温明显升高,≥10℃活动积温明显增加;无霜期延长;南部和中部的水资源变化均为春季降水减少,其他季节及年总降水量增加,北部则是四季、作物生长季及全年降水量均增加;南部和中部的土壤稳定化冻10 cm的日期分别提前59、d;洪涝灾害增加;作物生长季日照时数仍维持原有的较高水平。结论]大兴安岭林区的气候发生了较大变化,对当地经济可持续发展产生了影响。

Climatic Change of the Largest Natural Forest Region in China and Its Impact and Countermeasure on Economical Sustainable Development

Objective] To know about climatic change conditions of the largest natural forest region in China.Method] With 1987 as boundary,the observations from the South,Central part and North observation stations of Daxinganling from 1967 to 2000 were divide into two time segments to analyze the climatic change of Daxinganling forest region and its impact on economical sustainable development.Result] Compared with the average air temperature in 1967 to 1987,the yearly and seasonal average temperature of Daxinganling forest region was raised significantly in 1988 to 2000,the active accumulated temperature with ≥10 ℃ was increased evidently;the frostless period was prolonged;the water resource change both in the South and Central part showed the precipitation decrease in spring and increase for other seasons and total annual rainfall,the precipitation raising for the four seasons,crop growth season and total annual total rainfall in the North;the date for soil stable defrosting of 10 cm in the South and Central part was advanced for 5 and 9 days resp.;the flood disaster was increased;the sunshine hours of crop growth season were still maintained the original high level.Conclusion] The climate of Daxinganling forest region was changed a lot, which had some impacts on the sustainable development of local economy.