森林可持续经营的几个经济问题

许多森林可持续经营的行动方案，一方面可能引起社会成本的上升，比如，木材价格上升、就业及收入减少、生产和生态影响的转移等给社会造成的负面影响，如何正确认识这些影响，以寻求弥补措施，是实践中不可回避的问题；另一方面这些方案可能带来森林非木材价值的增加，木材价值与非木材价值都是社会所需要的，在实践中需要有一种有效的分析工具帮助决策者在二者之间作出正确取舍。森林可持续经营是需要所有人都参与的过程，而如何调动森林经营者的积极性是最核心的问题。文章介绍和分析了近年国外对上述问题的研究状况与趋势。

Economics in Sustainable Forest Management

Many scenarios for sustainable forest management would cause social cost go up such as the negative impact from the uplifting wood price, a decline in employment, a reduction of fiscal revenue, the production and ecological effects dislocation ect.It is an unavoidable problem to assess the impacts correctly and find some offsets. On the other hand, the scenarios may increase the non-wood value of forest.Both wood value and non-wood value are essential to society.An other problem is what is the effective analysis tool to help decision maker balance the values. How to encourage the operators in forest industry is a basic problem in sustainable forest management which involving all people participate in. The article gives a view of research on the above mentioned problems in recent years.