中国主产棉区气象因子和纤维品质的相关性研究

研究选取保定、徐州、阿克苏等覆盖全国主产棉区的27个样点,在不考虑土壤、播期、栽培措施等因素的前提下,对所选样点2006-2011年的棉纤维品质数据和7-9月气象数据进行不同区域水平下的多元逐步回归分析,初步建立棉纤维品质的气象生态模型,并找出影响棉纤维品质的关键气象因子。结果表明:(1)在全国主产棉区,日平均温度越高,≥12℃有效积温和降水日数越少,棉花纤维越长;日均最低温度越高,纤维比强度越大;日均最低温度和平均湿度越高,降水日数越多,马克隆值越大。(2)在黄河流域棉区,日均温和平均湿度越高,棉花纤维越长;降水日数越多,纤维强度越大。(3)在长江流域棉区,降水越多,纤维越长;≥12℃有效积温和降水量越多,马克隆值越大;日均最低温度越高,≥12℃有效积温越小,品级越好。(4)在西北内陆棉区,日照时数和降水量越大,纤维越长;≥12℃有效积温越大,纤维比强度增加;日照时数越多、降水日数越少,马克隆值越大。气象因子对棉花纤维品质有着重要影响,定量化研究气象因子与棉花纤维品质之间的相关关系是纤维品质形成模型建立的基础。

Correlation Between Meteorological Factors and Cotton Fiber Quality in Major Cotton-producing Regions of China

Ignoring the influence of soil, cultivation, and boll position, a preliminary model of cotton fiber quality was constructed based on important meteorological factors using multiple stepwise regression analysis of fiber quality data and meteorological factors between July and September 2006-2011, collected from 27 sites in major cotton-producing regions of China. The results showed that in all cotton-growing regions, fiber length was significantly affected by daily mean temperature, effective accumulated temperature above 12 ℃, and number of rain days; fiber strength was affected by daily mean minimum temperature; and fiber micronaire was affected by daily mean minimum temperature, number of rain days, and average relative humidity. In the Yellow River region, fiber length was significantly affected by daily mean temperature, average relative humidity, and precipitation, while fiber strength was affected by the number of rain days. In the Yangtze River region, fiber length was significantly affected by precipitation; fiber micronaire was affected by effective accumulated temperature above 12 ℃, and precipitation; and fiber grade was affected by daily minimum temperature and effective accumulated temperature above 12 ℃. In the Northwest region, fiber length was significantly affected by the number of sunshine hours and precipitation; fiber strength was affected by effective accumulated temperature above 12 ℃; and fiber micronaire was affected by the numbers of both sunshine hours and rain days. We conclude that meteorological factors greatly affect cotton fiber quality and thus quantification of their relationships would be important for climatic regionalization and optimization of cotton-producing areas.