稻田秸秆还田的土壤增碳及温室气体排放效应和机理研究进展

秸秆还田是水稻生产中普遍采用的一项措施，具有固碳和促进养分元素循环、减少生产中的化肥施用等生态环境功能，但亦存在温室气体排放问题。鉴于秸秆还田对稻田产生固碳和温室气体增排的双重效果，本文综述了稻田生态系统秸秆资源利用现状，探讨了秸秆还田的土壤增碳效应，总结了秸秆还田下的温室气体(CO2、N2O和CH4)排放过程及其微生物过程机理。提出了应加强秸秆还田增碳过程中的物理–化学过程与微生物过程的耦合机理及其对固碳功能的作用机理、稻田温室气体产生机制与控制途径的研究，以实现稻田土壤固碳减排增汇和增产的共轭双赢作用。

A Review on Application of Rice Straw in Soil Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gases Emission in Paddy Ecosystems

Rice straw application is a common measure in rice production, which has some ecological functions, such as carbon (C) sequestration, nutrient cycling promotion and fertilizer reduction etc., however, it also exists the problem of greenhouse gases emission. Considering the dual effects of rice-straw application on C sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions increasing in paddy ecosystem, this paper summarized the current utilization of rice straw resources in rice ecosystem, explored the effects of rice straw incorporation on soil C sequestration, and summarized the greenhouse gas (CO2, N2O, and CH4) emission process and its microbial mechanisms under rice straw incorporation. We suggested that it should be strengthened in the coupling mechanism of the physico-chemical processes and microbial processes during the C sequestration process by rice straw incorporation and its roles in C sequestration, as well as the greenhouse gas emission mechanism in paddy ecosystem and its control measures for the purpose of seeking a win-win solution of soil C sequestration, greenhouse emission reduction and rice productivity enhancement in paddy ecosystem in the future.