3种华南商用藤材的解剖特性

藤材的解剖结构与藤材性能及其加工利用密切相关.研究藤材的基本解剖特性,对于藤材的归类、开发利用和加工改性等具有重要的指导作用.藤材的商业化取决于以下因素:可及性、直径、节间长度、颜色以及加工特性,这些都基于藤材的基本特性,主要是解剖构造(Walter,1996).商业藤材一般具有以下特征(Walter,1996):1)藤茎的维管束分布均衡,在横截面上,纤维占20%～25%,输导细胞占15%,基本薄壁细胞占30%～35%;2)纤维帽尺寸相等,纤维长度一致,多层结构细胞壁;3)基本薄壁组织细胞小而且壁厚多层.维管束分布密度及纤维成分与输导成分的比例,纹孔、导管孔径的大小,对藤茎的坚韧程度影响都很大,纤维含量可作为藤茎坚硬度的指标,至于韧性还得考虑到纤维细胞的数量与输导组织成分的比例状况,特别是大型导管孔径的大小等,这些都是选择优良品种的主要依据(腰希申等,1998).

Anatomical Characteristics of Three Commercial Rattan Canes in South China

Study on the basic anatomical characteristics of rattan canes will give great guidance to their classification, exploitation, utilization, processing and improvement. The basic anatomical characteristics and their variation in cane of three commercial rattans in South China, i.e. Calamus simplicifolius, Calamus tetradactylus and Daemonorops margaritae were investigated. Results show that: 1) The variation at the height of rattan canes is small, while the variation along the radius direction of rattan canes is significant. 2) The fiber length, fiber ratio and distributing density of vascular bundle in the cross section decrease from cortex to core, while the fiber width, vessel element length and width, parenchyma ratio, vessel ratio, vascular bundle size, metaxylem vessel diameter and fiber microfibrillar angle in the cross section increase from cortex to core. The cellulose crystallinity of stem core is bigger than that of the cortex. 3) All these three rattan possess the cane structure characteristics of good commercial rattan cane. As for the anatomical structure, C. simplicifolius is the best and C. tetradactylus is better than D. margaritae. 4) According to the anatomic study, the penetration approach of rattan cane is mainly the longitudinal axial passage around the core; it is an important research direction to improve the penetrability of rattan cane.